Chronic Salmonella Typhi carriage at sites other than the gallbladder.
Chronic Salmonella Typhi carriage at sites other than the gallbladder.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011168
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
伤寒由沙门氏菌肠道亚种伤寒血清型（S。伤寒（Typhi）是许多低收入和中等收入国家的一个重要公共卫生问题，通过摄入被急性或慢性S。伤寒感染。大多数慢性S.伤寒携带者（脱落≥12个月）的胆囊中存在感染，其中既存病理，特别是胆石症，提供了一个促进持久性的环境。非胆囊肝胆慢性S。伤寒带菌者和尿带菌者。前者包括作为慢性携带风险因素的寄生性肝吸虫。慢性尿携带者通常具有其泌尿道的病理，具有或不具有肾结石或膀胱结石。尽管多重耐药和广泛耐药的S。伤寒菌株正在上升，全球实施的高效伤寒疫苗正在增加。也有新的兴趣在识别，监测和（在可能的情况下）治疗慢性携带者谁构成的长期水库的S。伤寒
Typhoid fever caused by infection with Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi), an important public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries, is transmitted by ingestion of water or food contaminated by feces or urine from individuals with acute or chronic S. Typhi infection. Most chronic S. Typhi carriers (shedding for ≥12 months) harbor infection in their gallbladder wherein preexisting pathologies, particularly cholelithiasis, provide an environment that fosters persistence. Much less appreciated is the existence of non-gallbladder hepatobiliary chronic S. Typhi carriers and urinary carriers. The former includes parasitic liver flukes as a chronic carriage risk factor. Chronic urinary carriers typically have pathology of their urinary tract, with or without renal or bladder stones. Even as the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant S. Typhi strains is rising, global implementation of highly effective typhoid vaccines is increasing. There is also renewed interest in identifying, monitoring, and (where possible) treating chronic carriers who comprise the long-term reservoir of S. Typhi.
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