Glycine Transporter 2: Mechanism and Allosteric Modulation.

Glycine Transporter 2: Mechanism and Allosteric Modulation.
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DOI:
10.3389/fmolb.2021.734427
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Vandenberg RJ
Vandenberg RJ
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frangos ZJ;Cantwell Chater RP;Vandenberg RJ

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神经递质钠同向转运体(NSS)是SLC6转运体的一个亚家族,负责调节神经递质信号传导。它们是包括抗抑郁药和滥用药物在内的精神活性物质的主要目标,促进了对其调节和结构-功能动力学的大量研究。最近,一系列的变构转运抑制剂已经被确定,与正构抑制剂相比,它们可能减少副作用。与竞争性抑制剂相比,变构抑制剂也可能提供不同的清除动力学,并可能提供更好的临床结果。晶体结构和同源模型确定了NSS上的几个变构调节位点,包括前庭变构位点(VAS)、脂质变构位点(LAS)和胆固醇结合位点(CHOL1)。虽然真核生物NSS的结构通常保守得很好,但形成VAS、LAS和CHOL1的区域存在差异。在这里,我们描述了稳定每个变构位点结合的配体-蛋白质相互作用,并探讨了如何利用转运体之间的差异来产生NSS特异性化合物,重点是GlyT2调节。
Neurotransmitter sodium symporters (NSS) are a subfamily of SLC6 transporters responsible for regulating neurotransmitter signalling. They are a major target for psychoactive substances including antidepressants and drugs of abuse, prompting substantial research into their modulation and structure-function dynamics. Recently, a series of allosteric transport inhibitors have been identified, which may reduce side effect profiles, compared to orthosteric inhibitors. Allosteric inhibitors are also likely to provide different clearance kinetics compared to competitive inhibitors and potentially better clinical outcomes. Crystal structures and homology models have identified several allosteric modulatory sites on NSS including the vestibule allosteric site (VAS), lipid allosteric site (LAS) and cholesterol binding site (CHOL1). Whilst the architecture of eukaryotic NSS is generally well conserved there are differences in regions that form the VAS, LAS, and CHOL1. Here, we describe ligand-protein interactions that stabilize binding in each allosteric site and explore how differences between transporters could be exploited to generate NSS specific compounds with an emphasis on GlyT2 modulation.
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