Human factors in multi-crew flight operations
Human factors in multi-crew flight operations
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多人飞行操作中的人为因素
DOI：
10.1017/s0001924000063892
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Orlady
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Orlady;L. Orlady
摘要本文讨论了航空运输环境中的航空人为因素挑战。由于作者的背景，本文的大部分内容将基于美国运输航空中人为因素和航空公司培训的增长。然而，从航空运输开始以来，世界其他地区也取得了平行的增长和进步，今天世界许多地区都在取得这种增长和进步。英国当然也是如此。人们永远不应该忘记，航空运输是一项世界性的事业，从一开始就是如此。虽然重要的是要认识到，如果文化和其他差异是相关的，就应该考虑到这些差异，但在航空运输中同样重要的是要认识到，共同的问题是通过共同的解决办法来解决的，可以通过但不限于共同的办法来解决。人们认识到，航空人为因素的行为方面值得相当重视，特别是在培训和评估领域。我们还了解到，以前的训练标准对于在日益复杂的环境中操作日益复杂的飞机并不令人满意。人为错误发生的频率比人们通常认为的要高，任何人都可能犯错误，甚至是机长。这一完全人性化的特点带来的一个不可避免的后果是，副驾驶的作用大大增强了。此外，对不飞行的飞行员的监控功能，无论他/她是机长还是副驾驶，现在几乎被所有严肃的运营专家认为是一项关键的安全功能。
Abstract This paper discusses selected aviation human factors challenges in the air transport environment. Because of the authors’ background, much of this paper will be based upon the growth of human factors and airline training in transport aviation in the United States. However, parallel growth and advancements have been made in other parts of the world from the beginning of air transport and are being made in many parts of the world today. This is certainly true of Great Britain. One should never forget that air transport is a world enterprise and has been since its beginning. While it is important to recognise that cultural and other differences should be considered if they are relevant, it is equally important in air transport to recognise that common problems are solved by common solutions and can be addressed by, but are not limited to, common approaches. It is recognised that the behavioral aspect of aviation human factors deserves considerable attention, particularly in the area of training and evaluation. We have also learned that previous training criteria are not satisfactory for operation with increasingly complex aircraft being operated in an increasingly complex environment. Human errors occur with greater frequency than is often believed and can be made by anyone — even an airline captain. An inevitable consequence of this entirely human characteristic is that the role of the co-pilot has been considerably enhanced. Furthermore, the monitoring function of the pilot-not-flying, whether he/she is the captain or co-pilot, is now recognised as a critical safety function by virtually all serious operational experts.