Methods for Assessing Organ Doses using Computational Models
Methods for Assessing Organ Doses using Computational Models
复制标题
使用计算模型评估器官剂量的方法
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032507
复制
发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
M. Zankl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Zankl
人体不同器官和组织中电离辐射的辐射风险可以用当量剂量来量化。由于器官剂量通常不能在患者体内直接测量，因此有必要在器官剂量和可测量剂量之间建立适当的换算系数。为此，通常基于蒙特卡罗技术的计算机代码，用于模拟材料中的辐射传输，通常与人体的计算模型一起使用。使用的大多数计算人体模型都是数学模型，其中表示简单几何体的数学表达式被用来描述身体器官的理想化排列。此外，最近在耳朵中开发了断层扫描模型，它使用真人的计算机断层扫描数据来提供身体的三维表示。使用这些计算模型，进行了许多关于诊断放射学中器官和组织剂量的研究。各种类型检查的器官剂量换算系数可在文献中找到。在其中一些研究中，单一技术曝光条件(例如，试管电压)的影响。过滤、视野大小和位置以及焦点到皮肤的距离)对器官和组织的剂量进行了检查。此外，断层扫描模型能够评估患者大小的适度波动对器官剂量的影响。因此，它们提高了数据在得出个别患者剂量方面的适用性。
The radiation risk from ionising radiation in different organs and tissues of the human body may he quantified using equivalent dose. As organ doses usually cannot be measured directly in patients, it is necessary to establish suitable conversion coefficients between organ doses and measurable dose quantities. For this purpose, computer codes, often based on Monte Carlo techniques, simulating the radiation transport in material are commonly used together with computational models of the human body. Most computational body models in use are mathematical models, in which mathematical expressions representing simple geometrical bodies are used to describe idealised arrangements of body organs. Additionally, tomographic models were developed in recently ears which use computed tomographic data of real persons to provide three-dimensional representations of the body. Using these computational models, numerous studies concerning organ and tissue doses from diagnostic radiology were performed. Organ dose conversion coefficients from various types examinations are available in the literature. In some of these studies, the influence of single technical exposure conditions (e.g tube v oltage. filtration, field size and location and focus-to-skin distance) on organ and tissue doses was examined. Additionally, the tomographic models enable the assessment of the influence of moderate vanations of the patient size on organ doses. They, therefore, improve the applicability of data for deriving doses to individual patients.