Revealing the Traces of JPEG Compression Anti-Forensics
Revealing the Traces of JPEG Compression Anti-Forensics
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DOI：
10.1109/tifs.2012.2234117
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
G. Valenzise;M. Tagliasacchi;S. Tubaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Valenzise;M. Tagliasacchi;S. Tubaro
由于变换编码的有损性质，JPEG在压缩图像中引入了特征轨迹。法医分析员可以通过分析离散余弦变换(DCT)系数的直方图来揭示这些痕迹，并利用它们来识别局部篡改、复制-移动伪造等。同时，最近已经表明，知识丰富的对手可以通过在DCT域添加抖动噪声信号来隐藏JPEG压缩的痕迹，以便恢复原始图像的直方图。在本文中，我们研究了在JPEG压缩反取证的情况下产生的处理链。我们站在取证分析师的角度，展示了如何对抗前述揭示JPEG压缩痕迹的反取证方法，而不考虑所使用的量化矩阵。在大型图像数据集上的测试表明，所提出的检测器能够达到93%的平均准确率，在排除几乎无损的JPEG压缩的情况下提高到99%以上。
Due to the lossy nature of transform coding, JPEG introduces characteristic traces in the compressed images. A forensic analyst might reveal these traces by analyzing the histogram of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients and exploit them to identify local tampering, copy-move forgery, etc. At the same time, it has been recently shown that a knowledgeable adversary can possibly conceal the traces of JPEG compression, by adding a dithering noise signal in the DCT domain, in order to restore the histogram of the original image. In this paper, we study the processing chain that arises in the case of JPEG compression anti-forensics. We take the perspective of the forensic analyst, and we show how it is possible to counter the aforementioned anti-forensic method revealing the traces of JPEG compression, regardless of the quantization matrix being used. Tests on a large image dataset demonstrated that the proposed detector was able to achieve an average accuracy equal to 93%, rising above 99% when excluding the case of nearly lossless JPEG compression.