Development of new antidiarrheal medications.
Development of new antidiarrheal medications.
复制标题
开发新的止泻药物。
DOI：
10.1097/00004836-198304000-00008
复制
发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Dharmsathaphorn,K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosenthal,LE;Pressman,J;Dharmsathaphorn,K
腹泻是一个主要的健康问题，在美国仍然是导致残疾的主要原因。在热带和亚热带国家，发病率要高出许多倍。腹泻不仅令人痛苦，而且当它导致脱水和电解质失衡时，可能会使人虚弱或危及生命。虽然治疗应该总是针对特定的原因，但不幸的是，并不总是能够确定腹泻的原因，因此可能需要对症治疗。目前用于治疗腹泻的最有效的治疗药物主要是阿片类衍生物，这些药物可能会产生不良的中枢神经副作用。还需要其他有效的止泻药。腹泻的病理生理学对不同的人意味着不同的事情。它可以用来描述频繁的大便，或大便容量的增加，或两者的组合。小容量的频繁排便，无论有无下倾，通常提示有肛门直肠区的疾病。这些疾病必须与本综述中讨论的腹泻疾病区分开来，后者是由于粪便体积的大幅增加造成的。腹泻的病理生理学的几个基本概念是：L)肠既能分泌水分，又能吸收水分。肠道的分泌能力在霍乱中很明显，其粪便容量可达15-20升/天。2)由于它的表面积超过200平方米，所以肠道有一个
Diarrhea is a major health problem and is still a leading cause of disability in the United States. In tropical and subtropical countries, the incidence is many times greater. Diarrhea is not only distressing, but may be debilitating or life-threatening when it leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Al-though treatment should aways be aimed at a specific cause, unfortunately, it is not always possible to identify the cause of diarrhea, and so symptomatic treatment may be indicated. The most effective therapeutic agents currently used for the treatment of diarrhea are mainly opiate derivatives, which may have undesirable central nervous side effects. There is need for other effective antidiarrheal agents.Pathophysiology of Diarrhea Diarrhea means different things to different people. lt may be used to describe frequent bowel movements, or an increase in stool volume, or a combination of the two. Frequent bowel movements of small volume, with or without tenesmus, usually indicate disease of the anorectal area. These must be distinguished from the diarrheal diseases discussed in this review, which result from a large increase in stool volume. A few basic concepts of the pathophysiology of diarrhea are: l) the intestine can secrete water as well as absorb it. The secretory capacity of the intestine is manifest in cholera where stool volumes may reach 15–20 liters/day. 2) thanks to its surface area of more than 200 square meters, the intestine has a