A New Paradigm for Evaluating Avoidance/Escape Motivation.
A New Paradigm for Evaluating Avoidance/Escape Motivation.
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DOI：
10.1093/ijnp/pyx031
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tanaka KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tsutsui-Kimura I;Bouchekioua Y;Mimura M;Tanaka KF
生物体已经进化到接近令人愉快的机会，避免或逃避令人厌恶的经历。这两种不同的动机被称为接近动机和回避/逃逸动机，两者都被认为对生存至关重要。尽管最近在理解动机的神经生物学方面取得了一些进展，但大多数研究都是针对方法，而不是回避/逃避动机。在这里，我们开发了一种新的实验范式来量化避免/逃避动机，并检查其药理学有效性。我们设置了一个回避可变比率5的任务，在这个任务中，要求小鼠按下杠杆不同的时间，以避免即将到来的厌恶刺激(足部电击)，或者如果它们未能避免正在进行的厌恶事件，则逃避它。我们是IP。在行为任务前20或30分钟注射氯胺酮(0、1或5 mg/kg)或丁螺环酮(0、5或10 mg/kg)，以观察氯胺酮是否如先前报道的那样增强了回避/逃避行为，丁螺环酮则降低了回避/逃避行为。我们发现，在回避比为5的任务中，成绩对厌恶刺激的强度很敏感。在可变比率5任务中，氯胺酮治疗增加了避免厌恶刺激的可能性，而丁螺环酮治疗减少了回避的可能性，这与以前的报道一致。我们的新范式将有助于量化回避/逃避动机，并有助于更全面地理解动机。
Organisms have evolved to approach pleasurable opportunities and to avoid or escape from aversive experiences. These 2 distinct motivations are referred to as approach and avoidance/escape motivations and are both considered vital for survival. Despite several recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of motivation, most studies addressed approach but not avoidance/escape motivation. Here we develop a new experimental paradigm to quantify avoidance/escape motivation and examine the pharmacological validity. We set up an avoidance variable ratio 5 task in which mice were required to press a lever for variable times to avoid an upcoming aversive stimulus (foot shock) or to escape the ongoing aversive event if they failed to avoid it. We i.p. injected ketamine (0, 1, or 5 mg/kg) or buspirone (0, 5, or 10 mg/kg) 20 or 30 minutes before the behavioral task to see if ketamine enhanced avoidance/escape behavior and buspirone diminished it as previously reported. We found that the performance on the avoidance variable ratio 5 task was sensitive to the intensity of the aversive stimulus. Treatment with ketamine increased while that with buspirone decreased the probability of avoidance from an aversive stimulus in the variable ratio 5 task, being consistent with previous reports. Our new paradigm will prove useful for quantifying avoidance/escape motivation and will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of motivation.