Phytochemicals as Innovative Therapeutic Tools against Cancer Stem Cells.
Phytochemicals as Innovative Therapeutic Tools against Cancer Stem Cells.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms160715727
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发表时间：
2015-07-10
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Ninfali P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Scarpa ES;Ninfali P
癌症干细胞（CSC）引发和维持几个致癌过程的理论已经得到验证，并且在整个癌细胞群体中鉴定CSC的特定方法也被证明是有效的。这篇综述的目的是提供一个概述最近获得的科学知识，植物化学物质和草药提取物，已被证明能够靶向和杀死CSC。已经描述了维持CSC的自我更新能力和耐药性的许多基因和蛋白质，并且已经显示能够干扰这些信号传导系统的植物化学物质的应用在体外和体内都是有效的。特异性表面抗原的鉴定、乳腺球形成测定、系列集落形成单位测定、异种移植和标记保留测定以及醛脱氢酶1（ALDH 1）活性评价是最常用的用于测量杀死CSC的植物化学效率的技术。此外，已经证明EGCG、姜黄素、胡椒碱、萝卜硫素、β-胡萝卜素、染料木素和一些植物的全提取物能够杀死CSC。这些植物化学物质中的大多数通过干扰与几种癌症的发病机制有关的经典Wnt（β-连环蛋白/T细胞因子-淋巴增强因子（TCF-LEF））途径起作用。因此，使用植物化学物质可能是通过消除CSC来根除癌症的真正治疗策略。
The theory that several carcinogenetic processes are initiated and sustained by cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been validated, and specific methods to identify the CSCs in the entire population of cancer cells have also proven to be effective. This review aims to provide an overview of recently acquired scientific knowledge regarding phytochemicals and herbal extracts, which have been shown to be able to target and kill CSCs. Many genes and proteins that sustain the CSCs’ self-renewal capacity and drug resistance have been described and applications of phytochemicals able to interfere with these signaling systems have been shown to be operatively efficient both in vitro and in vivo. Identification of specific surface antigens, mammosphere formation assays, serial colony-forming unit assays, xenograft transplantation and label-retention assays coupled with Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity evaluation are the most frequently used techniques for measuring phytochemical efficiency in killing CSCs. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that EGCG, curcumin, piperine, sulforaphane, β-carotene, genistein and the whole extract of some plants are able to kill CSCs. Most of these phytochemicals act by interfering with the canonical Wnt (β-catenin/T cell factor-lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF-LEF)) pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers. Therefore, the use of phytochemicals may be a true therapeutic strategy for eradicating cancer through the elimination of CSCs.