ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND USE IN BREAD AND DURUM-WHEAT
ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND USE IN BREAD AND DURUM-WHEAT
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900050029x
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发表时间：
1989-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
WAINES, JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DHUGGA, KS;WAINES, JG
由于土壤氮素的大部分通过淋溶和反硝化作用损失，因此需要培育具有提高的氮素利用效率的作物品种。本研究旨在探讨土壤供氮对小麦花前和花后地上部氮素积累的影响，以及花前氮素和籽粒氮素产量对花后氮素积累和氮素利用效率的影响。一套12个面包（Triticum aestivum L.）和2个硬粒小麦（T.圆叶菊属var durum Desf.）在Ramona A型桑迪壤土（粗、细壤质、混合热型Haploxeralf）上，对小麦基因型进行了为期2年的三个种植期的研究，每个种植期内有三个氮水平。在土壤氮素水平最高时，花前和花后地上部氮素积累量的基因型差异明显。在这一水平下，部分基因型在开花至成熟期间停止积累氮素或净损失氮素，这可能与其花前氮素吸收能力较强和籽粒氮产量较低有关。随着土壤供氮量的增加，吸收效率（地上部总氮/土壤供氮量）比利用效率（籽粒产量/地上部总氮）在决定氮素利用效率（籽粒产量/土壤供氮量）方面的作用稍大。氮收获指数（籽粒氮产量/地上部总氮）充分解释了土壤氮素水平较高时利用效率贡献的降低。因此，我们建议将小麦基因型G4843与“安杂”杂交，将前者的上级氮素积累能力与后者的上级籽粒产量结合起来，培育出氮素利用效率更高的品种。
Since a significant portion of applied soil N is lost by leaching and denitrification, it is desirable to breed crop cultivars with improved N use efficiency. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of soil N supply of genotypic variation for preanthesis and postanthesis shoot N accumulation, the effect of preanthesis N and grain N yield on postanthesis N accumulation, and N use efficiency. A set of 12 bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and two durum (T. turgidum L. var durum Desf.) wheat genotypes was studied over three planting dates in 2 yr with three N levels within each planting date on a Ramona type A sandy loam (coarse fine-loamy, mixed thermic Typic Haploxeralf). Differences among genotypes for shoot N accumulation before and after anthesis became obvious at the highest soil N level. At this level, some genotypes either stopped accumulating or showed a net loss of shoot N between anthesis and maturity, which appeared to be associated with superior preanthesis N accumualtion capacity and reduced grain N yield of such genotypes. Uptake efficiency (total shoot N/soil N supply) became slightly more important than utilization efficiency (grain yield/total shoot N) in determining N use efficiency (grain yield/soil N supply) with increasing soil N supply. Nitrogen harvest index (grain N yield/total shoot N) fully explained the reduced contribution of utilization efficiency at higher soil N levels. We suggest that bread wheat genotypes G4843 and ''Anza'' should be crossed in an attempt to recombine the superior N accumulation capacity of the former with the superior grain yield of the latter to develop a cultivar with improved N use efficiency.