Toward a New Macro-Segregation? Decomposing Segregation within and between Metropolitan Cities and Suburbs
Toward a New Macro-Segregation? Decomposing Segregation within and between Metropolitan Cities and Suburbs
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DOI：
10.1177/0003122415588558
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Taquino, Michael C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lichter, Daniel T.;Parisi, Domenico;Taquino, Michael C.
这篇文章记录了一种新的宏观隔离，其中种族分化的轨迹越来越多地存在于社区或地方一级的社会空间过程中。其目标是利用222个大都市地区的十年一次的人口普查数据，拓宽研究种族隔离的空间视角。与之前对种族变化的社区研究不同，我们从1990年到2010年将大都市隔离分解为区域内和区域间的组成部分。这是通过泰尔指数(H)实现的。我们对H的分解揭示了1990年后大都市隔离的大幅下降。但是，值得注意的是，自1990年以来，地方之间的宏观分离有所增加，抵消了地方内成分的下降。种族隔离的宏观因素在黑人中也是最明显和增长最快的，在美国种族隔离最严重的大都市地区，大约有一半的城市种族隔离是由黑人造成的。宏观种族隔离在亚洲人中最不明显，这表明这些社区的其他成员(即中产阶级或富裕的民族聚居区)对亚洲人移居那里的阻力较小。这些关于新出现的宏观隔离模式的结果在固定效应模型中得到了证实，该模型控制了大都市地区未观察到的异质性。与之前大多数关注大都市社区种族和民族分布不均的研究不同，我们表明，种族居住隔离越来越多地受到社区所在的城市和郊区社区的影响。
This article documents a new macro-segregation, where the locus of racial differentiation resides increasingly in socio-spatial processes at the community or place level. The goal is to broaden the spatial lens for studying segregation, using decennial Census data on 222 metropolitan areas. Unlike previous neighborhood studies of racial change, we decompose metropolitan segregation into its within- and between-place components from 1990 to 2010. This is accomplished with the Theil index (H). Our decomposition of H reveals large post-1990 declines in metropolitan segregation. But, significantly, macro-segregationthe between-place componenthas increased since 1990, offsetting declines in the within-place component. The macro component of segregation is also most pronounced and increasing most rapidly among blacks, accounting for roughly one-half of all metro segregation in the most segregated metropolitan areas of the United States. Macro-segregation is least evident among Asians, which suggests other members of these communities (i.e., middle-class or affluent ethnoburbs) have less resistance to Asians relocating there. These results on emerging patterns of macro-segregation are confirmed in fixed-effects models that control for unobserved heterogeneity across metropolitan areas. Unlike most previous studies focused on the uneven distribution of racial and ethnic groups across metropolitan neighborhoods, we show that racial residential segregation is increasingly shaped by the cities and suburban communities in which neighborhoods are embedded.