Synchronous diving behavior of Adelie penguins
Synchronous diving behavior of Adelie penguins
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DOI：
10.1007/s10164-003-0111-1
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Naito, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takahashi, A;Sato, K;Naito, Y
与其他同种生物的同步行为被认为是提高觅食效率的功能。然而，与行为同步相关的潜在成本很少被研究。阿德利企鹅（Pygoscelis adeliae）有时会在被快速海冰包围的小开阔水域同步潜水。我们用时间-深度记录仪观察了3对夫妇和1对三重奏的潜水行为，观察到它们在12-47只鸟的群体中同步潜水1.7-4.5 h。潜水和浮出水面的时间在个体之间略有不同，一只鸟倾向于比另一只更早开始潜水。虽然这些鸟潜水的时间差别很小，但最大潜水深度差别很大，在四种情况中，有两种情况下，一只鸟总是比另一只鸟潜得更深。在潜水的波动阶段（假定的进食时间），被标记的鸟类之间的垂直距离大于下降和上升阶段，表明群体成员独立觅食。潜水深度较深的个体潜水波动阶段的持续时间往往比同步潜水组的其他个体要短，这表明为了与其他鸟类同步潜水和浮出水面，减少了进食时间的潜在成本。与文章相关的数字视频图像可在http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo030605pa01a上获得。
Synchronizing behavior with other conspecifics has been suggested as serving a function of increased foraging efficiency. However, the potential costs associated with synchronization of behavior have rarely been studied. Adelie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae sometimes dive synchronously in small open waters surrounded by fast sea ice. We examined the diving behavior of three couples and one trio, which were observed to dive synchronously among groups of 12-47 birds for 1.7-4.5 h duration, with time-depth recorders. Timing of diving and surfacing differed slightly between individuals, and one bird tended to initiate diving earlier than the other. Although the duration of the dives differed only slightly between these birds, the maximum depth of the dives differed to a large extent, with one member tending to dive consistently deeper than the other bird in two out of the four cases. Vertical distances between tagged birds in the undulatory phases of the dives (presumed feeding time) were greater than those in the descent and ascent phases, suggesting independent foraging by group members. Duration of the undulatory phase of the dives tended to be shorter in deeper-diving individuals than the others in the synchronously diving group, suggesting a potential cost of reduced feeding time to synchronize diving and surfacing with other birds. A digital video image relating to the article is available at http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo030605pa01a.