Varieties of testimony: children's selective learning in semantic versus episodic domains.
Varieties of testimony: children's selective learning in semantic versus episodic domains.
复制标题
各种证词：儿童在语义领域与情景领域的选择性学习。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2015.01.004
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Koenig,MelissaA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stephens,ElizabethC;Koenig,MelissaA
虽然学龄前儿童似乎对错误信息的风险很敏感，并在某些实验环境中表现出选择性学习（例如，Koenig，Clément，& Harris，2004），其他范式强调他们惊人的轻信（例如，Jaswal，Croft，Setia，&科尔，2010）。目前的研究试图解释这些不同的模式，通过检查的可能性，错误的语义信息，一种类型的信息，通常是概括和难以独立验证，促进更大的警惕性比错误的情节信息，这往往是特定事件和独立验证。3岁和4岁的孩子第一次看到2个发言者证明正确或错误的对象标签（语义条件）或位置（情节条件）。在测试中，发言者提出了冲突的新对象的标签和位置。学龄前儿童最初暴露于语义不准确更警惕喜欢以前准确的线人比儿童最初暴露于情节不准确。调查结果反对一个同质的治疗证词，并建议学龄前儿童的证词警惕性根据扬声器的错误的内容。
Although preschoolers appear sensitive to the risk of misinformation and demonstrate selective learning in certain experimental contexts (e.g., Koenig, Clément, & Harris, 2004), other paradigms emphasize their striking credulity (e.g., Jaswal, Croft, Setia, & Cole, 2010). The current study sought to explain these divergent patterns by examining the possibility that errors for semantic information, a type of information that is typically generalizable and difficult to verify independently, promote greater vigilance than errors for episodic information, which is often event-specific and independently verifiable. Three- and 4-year-olds first viewed 2 speakers testify correctly or incorrectly about object labels (Semantic condition) or locations (Episodic condition). At test, speakers presented conflicting novel object labels and locations. Preschoolers initially exposed to semantic inaccuracy more vigilantly preferred a previously accurate informant than did children initially exposed to episodic inaccuracy. Findings speak against a homogeneous treatment of testimony and suggest that preschoolers’ testimonial vigilance varies according to the content of speakers’ errors.