The phonemic restoration effect reveals pre-N400 effect of supportive sentence context in speech perception.
The phonemic restoration effect reveals pre-N400 effect of supportive sentence context in speech perception.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.003
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发表时间：
2010-11-18
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kutas M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groppe DM;Choi M;Huang T;Schilz J;Topkins B;Urbach TP;Kutas M
音位恢复效应指的是人们对单词中被非语音(如声调)代替的音素产生幻觉的倾向。这种错觉可能会受到提供有关丢失音素可能性的信息的先前句子上下文的影响。错觉的显着性表明支持性语境可以影响相对较低(音素或更低)的语音处理水平。事实上，先前对音素恢复效应的事件相关脑电位(ERP)研究发现，早在听觉N1(刺激后120-180ms)时，咳嗽取代句子单词中高概率音素和低概率音素的处理就不同；然而，这一结果被高概率和低概率言语刺激之间的物理差异所混淆，因此它可能是由习惯化等因素引起的，而不是由支持性语境引起的。我们进行了一项类似的ERP实验，通过使用前面有文本的相同听觉刺激来避免这种混淆，这些刺激或多或少地使关键音素更有可能出现。我们也发现了音素/单词概率的强大N400效应，但没有观察到早期的N1效应。然而，我们确实观察到了音素/单词概率的左后效应，大约在192-224毫秒--这清楚地证明了支持性句子语境在言语理解中相对较早的效应，不同于N400。
The phonemic restoration effect refers to the tendency for people to hallucinate a phoneme replaced by a non-speech sound (e.g., a tone) in a word. This illusion can be influenced by preceding sentential context providing information about the likelihood of the missing phoneme. The saliency of the illusion suggests that supportive context can affect relatively low (phonemic or lower) levels of speech processing. Indeed, a previous event-related brain potential (ERP) investigation of the phonemic restoration effect found that the processing of coughs replacing high versus low probability phonemes in sentential words differed from each other as early as the auditory N1 (120-180 ms post-stimulus); this result, however, was confounded by physical differences between the high and low probability speech stimuli, thus it could have been caused by factors such as habituation and not by supportive context. We conducted a similar ERP experiment avoiding this confound by using the same auditory stimuli preceded by text that made critical phonemes more or less probable. We too found the robust N400 effect of phoneme/word probability, but did not observe the early N1 effect. We did however observe a left posterior effect of phoneme/word probability around 192-224 ms -- clear evidence of a relatively early effect of supportive sentence context in speech comprehension distinct from the N400.
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