Morphomechanics: goals, basic experiments and models
Morphomechanics: goals, basic experiments and models
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DOI：
10.1387/ijdb.052056lb
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Grabovsky, VI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beloussov, LV;Grabovsky, VI
形态力学是发育生物学的一个分支，研究胚胎组织中机械应力 (MS) 的产生、时空模式和形态发生作用。在这方面研究的所有形态发生活跃的胚胎组织均已显示出承受显着的张力或压力机械应力。 MS 对于有组织的细胞运动、许多发育重要基因的表达以及细胞的生存能力是不可或缺的。即使 MS 暂时放松也会导致胚胎雏形的形态变异性和不对称性增加。此外，MS 可能是驱动胚胎发育和提供其规则时空模式所需的形态发生反馈的决定性环节之一。我们假设这样一种反馈是基于细胞和组织在出现任何偏差后过度恢复（超调恢复）其 MS 值的趋势，无论是人为的还是由邻近的形态发生活跃组织产生的。这一想法得到了在组织和个体细胞水平上进行的大量观察和实验的支持。我们还描述了模型，证明可以通过改变超恢复反馈回路的参数来生成许多生物学上真实的静止形状和传播波。形态力学是发育和细胞生物学的一个重要且快速发展的分支，与其他方法相辅相成。
Morphomechanics is a branch of developmental biology, studying the generation, space-time patterns and morphogenetic role of mechanical stresses (MS) which reside in embryonic tissues. All the morphogenetically active embryonic tissues studied in this respect have been shown to bear substantial mechanical stresses of tension or pressure. MS are indispensable for organized cell movements, expression of a number of developmentally important genes and the very viability of cells. Even a temporary relaxation of MS leads to an increase in the morphological variability and asymmetry of embryonic rudiments. Moreover, MS may be among the decisive links of morphogenetic feedback required for driving forth embryonic development and providing its regular space-time patterns. We hypothesize that one such feedback is based upon the tendency of cells and tissues to hyperrestore (restore with an overshoot) their MS values after any deviations, either artificial or produced by neighboring morphogenetically active tissues. This idea is supported by a number of observations and experiments performed on the tissue and individual cell levels. We describe also the models demonstrating that a number of biologically realistic stationary shapes and propagating waves can be generated by varying the parameters of the hyperrestoration feedback loop. Morphomechanics is an important and rapidly developing branch of developmental and cell biology, being complementary to other approaches.