Collective Behavior
Collective Behavior
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Gureckis, Todd M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldstone, Robert L.;Gureckis, Todd M.
人们对集体行为重新产生兴趣，在很大程度上是因为最近提供了对群体进行实验室实验的工具，用于分析反映社会互动的大型数据集的统计方法，各种不同的在线自组织集体的快速增长，以及用于理解普遍和特定情景社会模式的计算建模方法。我们按照四个属性来考虑集体行为的案例研究：群体内个体的主要动机、个体之间的各种互动、这些互动产生的典型动态以及群体层面的特征结果。在这个框架下，我们比较了非交互决策者、蜂群、在物理和抽象空间中形成路径的群体、运动队、资源使用的合作和竞争以及创新在在线社区中的传播和延伸的集体模式。然后回顾了围绕集体行为的一些关键问题，包括“群体行为总是归结为个人行为吗？”“群体认知可能吗？”以及“正式建模对于理解群体行为的价值是什么？”
The resurgence of interest in collective behavior is in large part due to tools recently made available for conducting laboratory experiments on groups, statistical methods for analyzing large data sets reflecting social interactions, the rapid growth of a diverse variety of online self-organized collectives, and computational modeling methods for understanding both universal and scenario-specific social patterns. We consider case studies of collective behavior along four attributes: the primary motivation of individuals within the group, kinds of interactions among individuals, typical dynamics that result from these interactions, and characteristic outcomes at the group level. With this framework, we compare the collective patterns of noninteracting decision makers, bee swarms, groups forming paths in physical and abstract spaces, sports teams, cooperation and competition for resource usage, and the spread and extension of innovations in an online community. Some critical issues surrounding collective behavior are then reviewed, including the questions of "Does group behavior always reduce to individual behavior?'' "Is 'group cognition' possible?'' and "What is the value of formal modeling for understanding group behavior?''