Vegetation history of the walnut forests in Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia): natural or anthropogenic origin?
Vegetation history of the walnut forests in Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia): natural or anthropogenic origin?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.012
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Tinner, Willy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beer, Ruth;Kaiser, Franziska;Tinner, Willy
广袤的核桃(Juglans Regia L.)它们生长在吉尔吉斯斯坦(中亚)的费尔干纳和查特卡尔山脉的山区，形成了丰富的文化景观，天然和种植的林木、田野、牧场和更干燥的开阔地区组成了马赛克。这些偏远的森林很可能是王木的重要遗传资源，不仅可以用于就地保护，还可以作为树木育种的资源。对核桃林核心区四个湖泊和两个泥炭沼泽的沉积物进行的花粉和木炭分析为推断吉尔吉斯斯坦费尔干纳和查特卡尔山脉过去6800年的植被历史提供了新的数据。我们的结果表明，现代核桃林区潜在的天然林或林木以杜松为主，并伴有桦树、水曲柳、蔷薇科树木，可能还有宏。会议特别关注了胡桃树的植被历史，因为有人建议吉尔吉斯斯坦的核桃林可能是这种树的避难所。然而，我们的结果表明，黄杨的林分最多有2000年的历史，其中大多数甚至只有1000年左右的历史，可能是人为原因造成的，这证实了一个古老的传说，这个传说在吉尔吉斯斯坦仍然在口头传播。与其他古老而广泛种植的植物一样，重建原始分布和确定过去自然范围的边界并不容易。对古生态数据的回顾指出，在南欧、叙利亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦、中国和喜马拉雅山脉都有避难所，在这些地方，朱格伦人可能比上一次冰川时代更久远。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Extensive forests of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) occur in the mountains of the Fergana and the Chatkal Ranges of Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia), where they form a rich cultural landscape with a mosaic of natural and planted forest stands, fields, pastures, and drier open areas. These remote forests are likely to be an important genetic resource for J. regia, not only for in situ conservation but also as a resource for tree breeding. Pollen and charcoal analyses of the sediments of four lakes and two peat bogs in the core regions of the walnut forests provide new data to infer the vegetation history of the last 6800 years in the Fergana and Chatkal Ranges in Kyrgyzstan. Our results suggest that the potential natural forests or woods in the modern walnut forest region were dominated by Juniperus together with trees of Betula, Fraxinus, Rosaceae, and possibly Acer. A special focus was put on the vegetation history of J regia, as it has been suggested that the walnut forests of Kyrgyzstan might be a refuge for this tree. However, our results suggest that the stands of J. regia are at the most 2000 years old, most of them even only about 1000 years old and probably of anthropogenic origin, confirming an old legend that is still orally transmitted in Kyrgyzstan. As with other old and widespread cultivated plants, it is not easy to reconstruct the original distribution and determine the borders of the past natural ranges. A review of paleoecological data points to refugia in southern Europe, Syria, Kyrgyzstan, China, and the Himalaya, where Juglans possibly outlived the last glaciation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.