Reducing Foodborne Pathogen Persistence and Transmission in Animal Production Environments: Challenges and Opportunities
Reducing Foodborne Pathogen Persistence and Transmission in Animal Production Environments: Challenges and Opportunities
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.pfs-0006-2014
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wells, James E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berry, Elaine D.;Wells, James E.
减少食用动物中人畜共患病原体的收获前策略是从农场到餐桌食品安全连续体的重要组成部分。问题很复杂；需要关注的病原体有多种，不同生产和管理系统下的多种动物种类，以及多种病原体来源，包括其他牲畜和家畜、野生动物和鸟类、昆虫、水和饲料。收获前食品安全研究已经确定了许多干预策略，包括益生菌、直接饲喂微生物、竞争性排斥培养物、疫苗和噬菌体，以及可能影响农场病原体的因素，例如季节性、生产系统、饮食和膳食添加剂。此外，这项工作揭示了减少食用动物病原体的挑战和机遇。排出高水平病原体和表现出长期持续性的主要病原体菌株的动物似乎在维持动物及其生产环境中病原体的流行方面发挥着重要作用。测序和其他技术的持续研究和进步预计将揭示导致超级脱落和持久性的机制，此外还增加了选择抗病原体食用动物的前景和了解胃肠道微生物生态与人畜共患病原体定植有关的前景。这项持续的研究很可能会揭示其他挑战，这可能进一步表明减少牲畜病原体的潜在目标或关键控制点。收获前减少食用动物病原体的其他好处是减少农产品、水和环境污染，从而降低与这些来源相关的人类疾病的风险。
Preharvest strategies to reduce zoonotic pathogens in food animals are important components of the farm-to-table food safety continuum. The problem is complex; there are multiple pathogens of concern, multiple animal species under different production and management systems, and a variety of sources of pathogens, including other livestock and domestic animals, wild animals and birds, insects, water, and feed. Preharvest food safety research has identified a number of intervention strategies, including probiotics, direct-fed microbials, competitive exclusion cultures, vaccines, and bacteriophages, in addition to factors that can impact pathogens on-farm, such as seasonality, production systems, diet, and dietary additives. Moreover, this work has revealed both challenges and opportunities for reducing pathogens in food animals. Animals that shed high levels of pathogens and predominant pathogen strains that exhibit long-term persistence appear to play significant roles in maintaining the prevalence of pathogens in animals and their production environment. Continued investigation and advancements in sequencing and other technologies are expected to reveal the mechanisms that result in super-shedding and persistence, in addition to increasing the prospects for selection of pathogen-resistant food animals and understanding of the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract with regard to zoonotic pathogen colonization. It is likely that this continued research will reveal other challenges, which may further indicate potential targets or critical control points for pathogen reduction in livestock. Additional benefits of the preharvest reduction of pathogens in food animals are the reduction of produce, water, and environmental contamination, and thereby lower risk for human illnesses linked to these sources.