Crosslinking and Reconstitution Approaches to Study Protein Transport

Crosslinking and Reconstitution Approaches to Study Protein Transport
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研究蛋白质运输的交联和重构方法

DOI:
10.1007/s10930-019-09842-7
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The Protein Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
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--
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为了识别细胞中的易位成分,并了解它们在蛋白质转运和膜插入中的作用,人们使用了多种技术,如遗传学、生物化学、结构生物学和单分子方法。特别是,客户蛋白和易位机制组件之间的定向交联在过去和未来都做出了重大贡献。该技术的一个优点是既可以在体内应用,也可以在体外应用,可以对两种方法进行比较。此外,体内技术允许时间依赖性协议,这对于研究细胞途径至关重要。蛋白质纯化和重组成蛋白脂质体是研究基于膜的转运和易位系统的金标准。有了这些生物化学定义的方法,蛋白质运输中每个成分的功能可以通过大量的生物物理技术单独解决。最近,纳米片的使用为这种还原论方法增加了另一种扩展。基于荧光的研究,冷冻显微镜和核磁共振波谱极大地增加了我们对蛋白质如何进入和穿过膜的理解,并且在未来也会这样做。
To identify the translocation components in cells, and to understand how they function in protein transport and membrane insertion, a variety of techniques have been used such as genetics, biochemistry, structural biology and single molecule methods. In particular, site-directed crosslinking between the client proteins and components of the translocation machineries have contributed significantly in the past and will do so in the future. One advantage of this technology is that it can be applied in vivo as well as in vitro and a comparison of the two approaches can be made. Also, the in vivo techniques allow time-dependent protocols which are essential for studying cellular pathways. Protein purification and reconstitution into proteoliposomes are the gold standard for studying membrane-based transport and translocation systems. With these biochemically defined approaches the function of each component in protein transport can be addressed individually with a plethora of biophysical techniques. Recently, the use of nanodiscs for reconstitution has added another extension of this reductionistic approach. Fluorescence based studies, cryo-microscopy and NMR spectroscopy have significantly added to our understanding how proteins move into and across membranes and will do this also in future.
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