Maternal provisioning for larvae and larval provisioning for juveniles in the toxopneustid sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla
Maternal provisioning for larvae and larval provisioning for juveniles in the toxopneustid sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla
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DOI：
10.1007/s00227-008-1045-5
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Vaitilingon, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Byrne, M.;Prowse, T. A. A.;Vaitilingon, D.
脂质和蛋白质生化的卵（直径84 μ m），胚胎和早期幼虫的热带echinoid Tripneustes gratilla（林奈1758）进行了定量，以确定如何母亲的规定是用来燃料的棘足类的发展。鸡蛋含脂肪30.82ng，蛋白质87.32ng。能量脂质是主要的脂质成分（占总脂质的55.52%），主要类别是甘油三酯（TG：平均15.9 ng，占总量的51.58%）。结构脂质以磷脂为主（PL：平均11.18 ng，占总量的36.26%）。早期胚胎发生不是鸡蛋能量脂肪和蛋白质的主要消耗。功能性摄食幼虫的研制。50%的初始蛋能量脂质，其中大部分是TG。母体TG仍然存在于8天的棘足类，据估计，这种充满活力的脂质将耗尽在未喂养的幼虫的第10天。PL没有变化。在一个单独的实验脂质生化的雏形阶段的幼虫和早期发育的青少年进行了量化，以确定如何在变态过程中使用脂质。摄食后的仔鱼体内积累了大量的脂质，平均为275.49 ng，其中TG和PL分别是主要的能量和结构脂质。幼虫的脂质储存没有明显耗尽变态，因此可用于早期底栖阶段的少年。幼鱼开始底栖生活时总脂含量为314 ng（TG：平均46.84 ng，占总量的14.9%，PL：平均137.51 ng，占总量的43.67%）。尼罗红组织化学和组织学表明，胃作为一个营养储存器官，并通过幼虫积累的脂质储存维持发展中的青少年长达4天后解决。甘油三酯支持两个非喂养阶段的发展和prefeeding幼虫和围变质底栖动物阶段。在这第一个研究中的脂质储存在定居阶段棘皮动物幼虫，我们表明，T。gratilla幼虫隔离相同的主要能量脂质（TG），以支持早期的少年，雌性父母提供他们燃料的早期发展。
Lipid and protein biochemistry of eggs (84 mu m in diameter), embryos and early larvae of the tropical echinoid Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus 1758) were quantified to determine how maternal provisions are used to fuel development of the echinopluteus. The eggs contained a mean of 30.82 ng lipid and 87.32 ng protein. Energetic lipids were the major lipid component (55.52% of total lipid) with the major class being triglyceride (TG: mean 15.9 ng, 51.58% of total). Structural lipid was dominated by phospholipid (PL: mean 11.18 ng, 36.26% of total). Early embryogenesis was not a major drain on egg energetic lipid and protein. Development of the functional feeding larva used ca. 50% of initial egg energetic lipid and most of this was TG. Maternal TG was still present in the 8-day echinoplutei and it was estimated that this energetic lipid would be depleted in unfed larvae by day 10. There was no change in PL. In a separate experiment lipid biochemistry of rudiment stage larvae and early developing juveniles were quantified to determine how lipids are used during metamorphosis. Fed larvae accumulated lipid (mean 275.49 ng) with TG and PL being the major energetic and structural lipids, respectively. Larval lipid stores were not appreciably depleted by metamorphosis and so were available for the early benthic stage juvenile. Juveniles started their benthic existence with 314 ng total lipid (TG: mean 46.84 ng, 14.9% of total, PL: mean 137.51 ng, 43.67% of total). Nile Red histochemistry and histology showed that the stomach serves as a nutrient storage organ and, that lipid stores accrued by larvae sustain developing juveniles for up to 4 days post settlement. Triglyceride supported both non-feeding stages of development and the prefeeding larval and perimetamorphic benthic stage. In this first study of lipid stores in settlement stage echinoderm larvae, we show that T. gratilla larvae sequester the same major energetic lipid (TG) to support the early juvenile that the female parent provided them to fuel early development.