Park characteristics, use, and physical activity: A review of studies using SOPARC (System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities).
Park characteristics, use, and physical activity: A review of studies using SOPARC (System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.029
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
McKenzie TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evenson KR;Jones SA;Holliday KM;Cohen DA;McKenzie TL
社区游戏和娱乐观察系统（SOPARC）可以通过瞬时时间采样获得公园使用者及其身体活动的信息。我们使用SOPARC工具对研究进行了文献综述，以描述每项研究的观察方法，并按人口统计学和身体活动水平提取整体公园使用情况。我们检索了PubMed、Embase和SPORTDiscus中截至2014年在同行评审期刊上以英文发表的全长观察性研究。纳入了来自34篇文章的24项研究。每项研究观察的公园数量从3个到50个不等。大多数研究在一个季节观察公园。观察公园的天数从1天到16天不等，其中16项研究观察了5天或更多天。所有研究均包括至少一个工作日，除两项研究外，所有研究均包括至少一个周末。观察次数为1 - 14次/天，大多数研究至少观察4次/天。所有研究都包括上午和下午的观察，只有一个例外。公园使用者的范围很广（平均1.0至152.6人/公园/观察期），通常男性比女性多，老年人比其他年龄组少。公园使用者的身体活动水平在不同的研究中差异很大，青少年通常比成年人更活跃，幼儿比青少年更活跃。SOPARC适用于许多环境，这些审查结果可用于改进未来使用该工具的研究，展示比较公园数据的方法，并为公园促销和规划提供信息。
The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) can obtain information on park users and their physical activity using momentary time sampling. We conducted a literature review of studies using the SOPARC tool to describe the observational methods of each study, and to extract public park use overall and by demographics and physical activity levels. We searched PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus for full-length observational studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals through 2014. Twenty-four studies from 34 articles were included. The number of parks observed per study ranged from 3 to 50. Most studies observed parks during one season. The number of days parks were observed ranged from 1 to 16, with 16 studies observing 5 or more days. All studies included at least one weekday and all but two included at least one weekend day. Parks were observed from 1 to 14 times/day, with most studies observing at least 4 times/day. All studies included both morning and afternoon observations, with one exception. There was a wide range of park users (mean 1.0 to 152.6 people/park/observation period), with typically more males than females visiting parks and older adults less than other age groups. Park user physical activity levels varied greatly across studies, with youths generally more active than adults and younger children more active than adolescents. SOPARC was adapted to numerous settings and these review results can be used to improve future studies using the tool, demonstrate ways to compare park data, and inform park promotions and programming.