Park Characteristics and Changes in Park Visitation before, during, and after COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place Order
Park Characteristics and Changes in Park Visitation before, during, and after COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place Order
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DOI：
10.3390/su14063579
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发表时间：
2022-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sang, Huiyan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, Yizhen;Li, Dongying;Sang, Huiyan
新型冠状病毒疫情限制了人们前往公共场所，因为社交距离和就地避难令。根据谷歌的社区流动性报告，在大流行期间，一些国家的公园访问量出现下降，而另一些国家则出现上升。虽然政府的反应在这种变化中发挥了重要作用，但人们对公园游客的变化以及与这些变化相关的公园属性知之甚少。因此，我们的目的是研究公园的特点和百分比变化之间的关联在哈里斯县，得克萨斯州，为三个时间段：之前，期间，和之后的哈里斯县的庇护秩序。我们利用SafeGraph的兴趣点数据来提取哈里斯县地区的每周公园访问量。该数据集包括每个公园的规模及其2020年3月2日至5月31日期间的每周访问量。此外，我们测量公园的特点，包括绿化密度，使用归一化的差异植被指数;公园类型（迷你，邻里，社区，区域/大都市）;人行道和自行车道的存在;人行道和自行车道的数量;和自行车道的质量。结果表明，公园访问量减少后，发出庇护在地方秩序和增加后，这一命令被解除。从线性回归模型的结果表明，较高的绿地密度的公园，减少公园的访问量在就地庇护期间相比，在就地庇护令之前。这种关系也出现在就地安置令之后。更多的人行道的存在是与较少的访问增加后，避难所在地方秩序。这些发现可以指导规划者和设计者实施公园，在流行病期间促进公众参观，并可能有益于人们的身心健康。
The COVID-19 pandemic has limited people's visitation to public places because of social distancing and shelter-in-place orders. According to Google's community mobility reports, some countries showed a decrease in park visitation during the pandemic, while others showed an increase. Although government responses played a significant role in this variation, little is known about park visitation changes and the park attributes that are associated with these changes. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations between park characteristics and percent changes in park visitation in Harris County, TX, for three time periods: before, during, and after the shelter-in-place order of Harris County. We utilized SafeGraph's point-of-interest data to extract weekly park visitation counts for the Harris County area. This dataset included the size of each park and its weekly number of visits from 2 March to 31 May 2020. In addition, we measured park characteristics, including greenness density, using the normalized difference vegetation index; park type (mini, neighborhood, community, regional/metropolitan); presence of sidewalks and bikeways; sidewalk and bikeway quantity; and bikeway quality. Results showed that park visitation decreased after issuing the shelter-in-place order and increased after this order was lifted. Results from linear regression models indicated that the higher the greenness density of the park, the smaller the decrease in park visitation during the shelter-in-place period compared to before the shelter-in-place order. This relationship also appeared after the shelter-in-place order. The presence of more sidewalks was related to less visitation increase after the shelter-in-place order. These findings can guide planners and designers to implement parks that promote public visitation during pandemics and potentially benefit people's physical and mental health.