Transport of atmospheric water vapor by volcanic eruption columns
Transport of atmospheric water vapor by volcanic eruption columns
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DOI：
10.1029/96jd03125
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发表时间：
1997-03
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Glaze;S. Baloga;L. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Glaze;S. Baloga;L. Wilson
与文献中的假设相反，火山爆发能够将大量的水输送到平流层。除了岩浆水成分外，大气水蒸气也被较低层的气柱夹带。一个理论模型的质量，动量和热能的四个单独的组件（干空气，水蒸气，液体冷凝物，固体颗粒）的守恒被用来确定大气水分再分布的程度。我们研究了水汽凝结对动力学特性和环境水汽输送的影响。本文提出了一种简单的方法来导出控制柱构件的复杂常微分方程组的标准形。该模型的解决方案，显示不同的火山边界条件和一系列的环境水蒸气分布的浮力柱运输的影响。我们发现，通过潮湿的大气中上升的小喷发柱的水成分（蒸汽+液体）主要是由夹带水，而较大的柱主要是由岩浆水。这部分是由于较大色谱柱的夹带表面积相对于控制体积成比例地较小。我们还表明，一个初始质量通量为2.7 × 108 kg s−1的维持柱爆发到潮湿的大气中，将在24小时内向平流层注入96 Mt的水蒸气，相当于甲烷氧化或100个中纬度雷暴的年输入量。这种增加可能会加速同时喷发的火山SO2转化为硫酸。
Contrary to assumptions often made in the literature, explosive volcanic eruptions are capable of transporting significant amounts of water into the stratosphere. In addition to the magmatic water component, atmospheric water vapor is entrained by the column at lower levels. A theoretical model for the conservation of mass, momentum, and thermal energy of four separate components (dry air, water vapor, liquid condensates, and solid particles) is used to determine the extent of atmospheric water redistribution. We examine the effects of water vapor condensation on dynamical characteristics and ambient water vapor transport. A simple technique is presented for deriving canonical forms for the complex system of ordinary differential equations governing the column components. Solutions of this model are presented that show the influence of different volcanic boundary conditions and a range of ambient water vapor distributions on transport of the buoyant column. We show that the water component (vapor + liquid) of small eruption columns rising through a wet atmosphere is dominated by entrained water, whereas larger columns are dominated by the magmatic water. This is due, in part, to the proportionately smaller entrainment surface area in relation to the control volume for the larger columns. We also show that a maintained column with an initial mass flux of 2.7 × 108 kg s−1 erupted into a wet atmosphere would inject 96 Mt of water vapor into the stratosphere over 24 hours, comparable to the annual input from methane oxidation or 100 midlatitude thunderstorms. This increase may accelerate the conversion of simultaneously erupted volcanic SO2 into sulfuric acid.