The role of waterways in the spread of the Neolithic
The role of waterways in the spread of the Neolithic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2005.09.017
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Shukurov, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davison, K;Dolukhanov, P;Shukurov, A
早期农业在欧洲传播的地区差异的原因和影响仍然知之甚少。我们使用种群动力学模型来研究欧洲新石器时代从近东局部地区的扩散，在球面上求解二维反应-扩散方程。我们专注于主要河流路径和海岸线在农业发展中的作用，分别沿着多瑙河-莱茵河走廊和地中海海岸线模拟线形陶器（LBK）和印象陶器传统的快速发展。我们认为，个体的随机游走导致种群的扩散，在这些区域可能是各向异性的，因此导致有效的平流。因此，标准的反应-扩散方程被补充了一个平流项，仅限于靠近主要河流和海岸线。该模型考虑了人类流动性（扩散率）和承载能力的空间变化，反映了当地的海拔和纬度。这种方法可以很容易地推广到包括其他环境因素，如景观的生物生产力。我们的模型成功地解释了新石器时代传播的地区差异，与放射性碳数据一致，并重现了农业传播到东欧、英国和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的时间延迟。(c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd版权所有。
The causes and implications of the regional variations in the spread of the incipient agriculture in Europe remain poorly understood. We use population dynamics models to study the dispersal of the Neolithic in Europe from a localised area in the Near East, solving the two-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation on a spherical surface. We focus on the role of major river paths and coastlines in the advance of farming, to model the rapid advances of the Linear Pottery (LBK) and the Impressed Ware traditions along the Danube-Rhine corridor and the Mediterranean coastline, respectively. We argue that the random walk of individuals, which results in diffusion of the population, can be anisotropic in those areas and hence lead to an-effective advection. The standard reaction-diffusion equation is thus supplemented with an advection term, confined to the proximity of major rivers and coastlines. The model allows for the spatial variation in both the human mobility (diffusivity) and the carrying capacity, reflecting the local altitude and latitude. This approach can easily be generalised to include other environmental factors, such as the bioproductivity of landscapes. Our model successfully accounts for the regional variations in the spread of the Neolithic, consistent with the radiocarbon data, and reproduces a time delay in the spread of farming to the Eastern Europe, Britain and Scandinavia. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.