Hypersensitivity to Contingent Behavior in Paranoia A New Virtual Reality Paradigm
Hypersensitivity to Contingent Behavior in Paranoia A New Virtual Reality Paradigm
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DOI：
10.1097/nmd.0000000000000414
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Slater, Mel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fornells-Ambrojo, Miriam;Elenbaas, Maaike;Slater, Mel
人际关系中的偶然性与安全依恋和信任的发展有关，而偏执则源于对消极意图的过度归因。我们使用了一种新的虚拟现实范式，实验研究了偶然行为对信任沿着偏执连续体的影响。61名健康的参与者被随机分配与一个愉快的虚拟人（化身）进行社交互动，该虚拟人被编程为高度响应或不响应（高/低偶然性）。感知的可信度和信任行为进行了评估，控制变量附件和焦虑。较高的偏执和轻视型依恋与较大的人际距离有关。出乎意料的是，极端偏执的人认为高偶然性的化身比低偶然性的化身更值得信赖。在这两种情况下，更高的轻视型依恋也与更主观的信任相关。极端偏执狂与对非偶然行为的超敏反应有关，这可能解释了当他人在日常社交情境中反应不快时的不信任体验。
Contingency in interpersonal relationships is associated with the development of secure attachment and trust, whereas paranoia arises from the overattribution of negative intentions. We used a new virtual reality paradigm to experimentally investigate the impact of contingent behavior on trust along the paranoia continuum. Sixty-one healthy participants were randomly allocated to have a social interaction with a pleasant virtual human (avatar) programmed to be highly responsive or not (high/low contingency). Perceived trustworthiness and trusting behavior were assessed alongside control variables attachment and anxiety. Higher paranoia and dismissive attachment were associated with larger interpersonal distances. Unexpectedly, extremely paranoid individuals experienced the highly contingent avatar as more trustworthy than their low contingency counterpart. Higher dismissive attachment was also associated with more subjective trust in both conditions. Extreme paranoia is associated with hypersensitivity to noncontingent behavior, which might explain experiences of mistrust when others are not highly responsive in everyday social situations.