Ethnicity effects in relative pitch
Ethnicity effects in relative pitch
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DOI：
10.3758/pbr.17.3.310
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Krumhansl, Carol L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hove, Michael J.;Sutherland, Mary Elizabeth;Krumhansl, Carol L.
绝对音高（AP）是一种罕见的识别音高的能力，在东亚音乐家中发生率较高。这激发了对遗传和环境因素的比较作用的大量研究。两项研究考察了相对音高（RP）是否存在类似的种族效应，确定了两个音调之间的距离或间隔。非音乐家（n = 103）进行了培训，以标记音乐的间隔，并随后进行测试的间隔识别。我们建立了类似的种族效应：中国和韩国参与者在RP任务中始终优于其他参与者，但在“相对节奏”控制任务中则不然。这种效果不是由以前的音乐或音调语言经验驱动的。与东亚的AP优势的平行表明，音高的增强感知认知处理更普遍，并不限于受过高度训练的音乐家。这种效应开启了许多关于环境和遗传因素对这种更普遍的音高能力的影响的研究问题。
Absolute pitch (AP), the rare ability to identify a musical pitch, occurs at a higher rate among East Asian musicians. This has stimulated considerable research on the comparative contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Two studies examined whether a similar ethnicity effect is found for relative pitch (RP), identifying the distance or interval between two tones. Nonmusicians (n = 103) were trained to label musical intervals and were subsequently tested on interval identification. We establish similar ethnicity effects: Chinese and Korean participants consistently outperformed other participants in RP tasks, but not in a "relative rhythm" control task. This effect is not driven by previous musical or tone-language experience. The parallel with the East Asian advantage for AP suggests that enhanced perceptual cognitive processing of pitch is more general and is not limited to highly trained musicians. This effect opens up many research questions concerning the environmental and genetic contributions related to this more general pitch-based ability.