The three-nucleon continuum: achievements, challenges and applications
The three-nucleon continuum: achievements, challenges and applications
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三核连续体：成就、挑战和应用
DOI：
10.1016/0370-1573(95)00085-2
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Golak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Glöckle;H. Witała;D. Hüber;H. Kamada;J. Golak
在简要回顾了基于一般两核子和3 N力的3 N散射基本方程的历史之后，给出了推导这些方程的主要步骤。还显示和推导了各种可观测量，弹性和破裂截面，以及各种自旋可观测量的表达式。处理的3 N Faddeev方程在动量空间和部分波分解的一些细节，处理的奇异性的积分内核描述和算法和技术，用于解决大的方程组的离散形式。基准计算的形式，我们的结果相比，其他技术的精度测试，给出。然而，这篇评论的大部分，是专门的比较非常多的可观测的弹性核子-氘（Nd）散射和分裂过程的预测的基础上最现代的核子-核子（NN）力AV 18，Nijmegen 93，Nijmegen I和II和最近更新的OBE-潜在的CD波恩。总的来说，与数据的一致性非常好，几乎没有为三核子力（3 NF）的作用留下空间。本文研究了Tucson-Melbourne模型的π-π、π-π和π-π交换3 NF的影响。它们通常很小，并且在少数情况下，仅使用NN力发生数据差异，它们进入错误的方向。我们提出了一些测量，这将有助于获得更多关于三核子势能的信息。几个特殊的主题进行了讨论：做某些3 N散射可观的规模与triton结合能？3 N分裂截面中哪些对NN力的选择完全不敏感，哪些非常敏感？如何从3 N分裂中提取nn散射长度？讨论了低能弹性Nd散射中3 N分析功率Δ的突出差异，弹性Nd散射中的本征相移和混合参数，高能3 N散射的简化，弹性Nd散射的光学势公式及其极限形式。替代方法来解决3 N散射：在配置空间中，使用有限秩展开的NN力，变分技术和混合仙台方法进行了简要介绍，以及质子质子库仑力问题的PD系统和问题如何将相对论。最后，一些应用中勾勒出一个3 N的最终状态发生，核子之间的相互作用需要正确的处理。我们提到了电子在~ 3 He（~ 3 H）上的非弹性散射和π吸收以及超夸克的非介子衰变。
After a brief historic overview the basic equations for three-nucleon (3N) scattering based on general two-nucleon and 3N forces are reviewed and the main steps for their derivation are given. Also the expressions for the various observables, elastic and breakup cross sections, as well as the great variety of spin observables are displayed and derived. The treatment of the 3N Faddeev equations in momentum space and in a partial wave decomposition is outlaid in some detail, the handling of the singularities in the integral kernel described and the algorithms and techniques used to solve the large set of equations in the discretized form are presented. Accuracy tests in form of benchmark calculations, where our results are compared to the ones of other techniques, are given. The bulk part of this review, however, is devoted to the comparison of very many observables in elastic nucleon-deuteron (Nd) scattering and the breakup process to the predictions based on the most modern nucleon-nucleon (NN) forces AV18, Nijmegen93, Nijmegen I and II and a recently updated OBE-potential CD Bonn. Overall the agreement with the data is excellent and there is little room left for the action of a three-nucleon force (3NF). The effects of the π-π, π-ϱ and ϱ-ϱ exchange 3NF's of the Tucson-Melbourne model are studied. They are in general small and in the few cases where discrepancies to data occur using NN forces only, they go into the wrong direction. We propose quite a few measurements, which should help to get more information on the potential energy of three nucleons. Several special topics are discussed: Do certain 3N scattering observables scale with the triton binding energy? Which of the 3N breakup cross sections are totally insensitive to the choice of the NN force and which are very sensitive? How well can one extract the nn scattering length from the 3N breakup? We discuss the outsticking discrepancy of the 3N analyzing power Ayin low energy elastic Nd scattering; the eigen phase shifts and mixing parameters in elastic nd scattering; the simplifications of 3N scattering at high energies and the formulation of the optical potential for elastic nd scattering and its limiting form at high energies. Alternative approaches to solve 3N scattering: in configuration space, using finite rank expansions of NN forces, variational techniques and the hybrid Sendai method are briefly described as well as the proton proton Coulomb force problem in the pd system and the question how to incorporate relativity. Finally some applications are sketched where a 3N final state occurs and where the interaction among the nucleons requires a correct treatment. We mention inelastic electron scattering as well as π-absorption on3He (3H) and nonmesonic decay of the hypertriton.