The effect of relatedness and pack size on territory overlap in African wild dogs.
The effect of relatedness and pack size on territory overlap in African wild dogs.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40462-017-0099-8
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
McNutt JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jackson CR;Groom RJ;Jordan NR;McNutt JW
间隔模式介导同种之间的竞争相互作用，最终增加健身。邻近的非洲野狗（Lycaon pictus）包之间的领土重叠程度差异很大，但潜在影响重叠程度的因素，如亲缘关系和包的大小，仍然不清楚。我们使用的运动数据，从21野狗包计算领土重叠的程度（20对）。平均而言，不相关的相邻包有低水平的重叠限制在其95%的利用率内核的周边地区。相关的邻居有显着更大的水平的周边重叠。只有一个不相关的二分体包括75%-75%的籽粒之间的重叠，但没有50%-50%的籽粒重叠。然而，12个相关的二分体中有8个在各自的75%的内核之间重叠，6个在频繁的50%内核之间重叠。这些更频繁的内核之间的重叠赋予一个更高的可能性遇到，因为在50%的内核内的平均利用强度每单位面积是4.93倍大于95%的内核，和2.34倍大于75%的内核。相关包在95%内核重叠区中的时间明显多于不相关包。包的大小似乎没有影响相关的二元体之间的重叠，但在不相关的邻居较大的包往往重叠到较小的包的领土。然而，由于模型的置信区间重叠为零，因此真正的效果尚不清楚。有证据表明，代价高昂的种内侵略行为在相关共生体之间大大减少。因此，分散的个人建立领土旁边的亲戚，在那里密集使用的部分范围经常重叠的趋势，可能会延长亲属选择和包容性健身的好处，从包内包间的水平。这种自然间隔制度可影响保护区的生存参数和承载能力，对这一濒危物种的集中管理种群具有重要的管理影响。
Spacing patterns mediate competitive interactions between conspecifics, ultimately increasing fitness. The degree of territorial overlap between neighbouring African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) packs varies greatly, yet the role of factors potentially affecting the degree of overlap, such as relatedness and pack size, remain unclear. We used movement data from 21 wild dog packs to calculate the extent of territory overlap (20 dyads). On average, unrelated neighbouring packs had low levels of overlap restricted to the peripheral regions of their 95% utilisation kernels. Related neighbours had significantly greater levels of peripheral overlap. Only one unrelated dyad included overlap between 75%-75% kernels, but no 50%-50% kernels overlapped. However, eight of 12 related dyads overlapped between their respective 75% kernels and six between the frequented 50% kernels. Overlap between these more frequented kernels confers a heightened likelihood of encounter, as the mean utilisation intensity per unit area within the 50% kernels was 4.93 times greater than in the 95% kernels, and 2.34 times greater than in the 75% kernels. Related packs spent significantly more time in their 95% kernel overlap zones than did unrelated packs. Pack size appeared to have little effect on overlap between related dyads, yet among unrelated neighbours larger packs tended to overlap more onto smaller packs’ territories. However, the true effect is unclear given that the model’s confidence intervals overlapped zero. Evidence suggests that costly intraspecific aggression is greatly reduced between related packs. Consequently, the tendency for dispersing individuals to establish territories alongside relatives, where intensively utilised portions of ranges regularly overlap, may extend kin selection and inclusive fitness benefits from the intra-pack to inter-pack level. This natural spacing system can affect survival parameters and the carrying capacity of protected areas, having important management implications for intensively managed populations of this endangered species.