Control of skin circulation during exercise and heat stress.
Control of skin circulation during exercise and heat stress.
复制标题
运动和热应激期间控制皮肤循环。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Wenger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Roberts;C. Wenger
在任何给定的环境和平均皮肤温度下，运动都会增加体内温度和皮肤血流量。在高环境温度下，当皮肤温度升高时，任何给定内部温度下的皮肤血流量都比皮肤温度较低时高。增加的皮肤血流量将代谢热从核心输送到皮肤，在那里热量通过对流、辐射和蒸发机制散失到环境中。然而，在高水平的皮肤血流量下，周围血管池和滤过造成的液体损失导致中心静脉压降低。这降低了心搏量，并需要更高的心率来维持给定的心输出量。缓解高温运动引起的心血管紧张的机制包括：剧烈地，由工作肌肉中的受体产生的反射在许多中央和周围血管床中产生血管收缩。当心脏充盈受损时，由心脏压力感受器引起的其他反射会产生额外的周围血管收缩。从长期来看，身体调节和热适应导致热应激时排汗量增加，导致运动时皮肤和核心温度降低，降低调节体温所需的皮肤血流量水平。
At any given environmental and mean skin temperature, exercise brings about an increase in internal body temperature and skin blood flow. At high environmental temperatures, when skin temperature is elevated, skin blood flow at any given internal temperature reaches higher levels than at cooler skin temperatures. Increased cutaneous blood flow serves to deliver metabolic heat from the core to the skin, where the heat is lost to the environment by convective, radiative, and evaporative mechanisms. However, at high levels of skin blood flow, peripheral vascular pooling and fluid losses by filtration lead to reduced central venous pressure. This lowers cardiac stroke volume, and requires a higher heart rate to maintain a given cardiac output. Mechanisms which alleviate some of the cardiovascular strain produced by exercise in the heat include the following: acutely, reflexes which arise from receptors in working muscles produce vasoconstriction in a number of central and peripheral vascular beds. Other reflexes, arising from cardiac baroreceptors, produce additional peripheral vasoconstriction when cardiac filling is impaired. In the long term, physical conditioning and heat acclimation lead to increases in sweat output during thermal stress, leading to cooler skin and core temperature during exercise, and decreasing the level of skin blood flow needed for regulation of body temperature.