Abundance of 13 C and 15 N in emmer, spelt and naked barley grown on differently manured soils: towards a method for identifying past manuring practice
Abundance of 13 C and 15 N in emmer, spelt and naked barley grown on differently manured soils: towards a method for identifying past manuring practice
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不同施肥土壤上生长的二粒麦、斯佩耳特小麦和裸大麦中 13 C 和 15 N 的丰度：寻找一种识别过去施肥实践的方法
DOI：
10.1002/rcm.5176
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kanstrup M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kanstrup M
植物可利用养分的缺乏可能限制了史前谷物的种植，但与古代肥料历史有关的直接证据很少。结果表明，长期添加畜禽粪便可提高土壤和在土壤上种植的现代作物的δ15N值。我们测定了在阿斯科夫长期田间试验的非人工、PK改良和牛人工种植的三种古老谷物类型的土壤、谷物和秸秆的δ15N和δ13C值。增施有机肥提高了土壤、谷类和秸秆类作物的生物产量和δ15N值，而不施有机肥和PK处理的δ15N差异不显著。秸秆和籽粒δ15N因有机肥的平均偏移量分别为7.9和8.8‰，土壤偏移量为1.9‰。土壤和生物量δ~(13)C值不受营养改良剂的影响。谷类谷物的谷粒重量不同，但增加的顺序是：未经处理的、PK和动物粪便。施肥量对籽粒和秸秆全氮浓度影响不大。我们的研究表明，长期在长期耕作的地点施用有机肥将对早期农业中种植的谷物产生实质性的积极影响，并将在土壤、谷物和秸秆上留下显著的N同位素印记。我们建议，动物粪便的使用可以通过考古遗址中古代谷物(例如烧焦的谷物)遗骸中的15N丰度以及通过在新暴露的古土壤上种植试验植物来识别。版权所有©2011 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
The shortage of plant‐available nutrients probably constrained prehistoric cereal cropping but there is very little direct evidence relating to the history of ancient manuring. It has been shown that the long‐term addition of animal manure elevates the δ15N value of soil and of modern crops grown on the soil. We have examined the δ15N and δ13C values of soil and of the grain and straw fractions of three ancient cereal types grown in unmanured, PK amended and cattle manured plots of the Askov long‐term field experiment. Manure increased biomass yields and the δ15N values of soil and of grain and straw fractions of the ancient cereal types; differences in δ15N between unmanured and PK treatments were insignificant. The offset in straw and grain δ15N due to manure averaged 7.9 and 8.8 ‰, respectively, while the soil offset was 1.9 ‰. The soil and biomass δ13C values were not affected by nutrient amendments. Grain weights differed among cereal types but increased in the order: unmanured, PK, and animal manure. The grain and straw total‐N concentration was generally not affected by manure addition. Our study suggests that long‐term application of manure to permanently cultivated sites would have provided a substantial positive effect on cereals grown in early agriculture and will have left a significant N isotopic imprint on soil, grains and straw. We suggest that the use of animal manure can be identified by the15N abundance in remains of ancient cereals (e.g. charred grains) from archaeological sites and by growing test plants on freshly exposed palaeosols. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.