Tropical cyclone precipitation regimes since 1750 and the Great Suppression of 1843–1876 along coastal North Carolina, USA
Tropical cyclone precipitation regimes since 1750 and the Great Suppression of 1843–1876 along coastal North Carolina, USA
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DOI：
10.1002/joc.6615
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Knapp;P. T. Soulé;Justin T. Maxwell;Jason T. Ortegren;T. Mitchell
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Knapp;P. T. Soulé;Justin T. Maxwell;Jason T. Ortegren;T. Mitchell
长叶松（Pinus palustris Mill.）的晚材年轮宽度是热带气旋（TC）降水（TCP）年度变化的有效记录器，约占解释方差的一半。根据由北卡罗来纳州沿海五个地点的数据组成的区域年表，我们重建了 1750 年至 2015 年期间的 TCP，以检查数十年干湿 TCP 状况的时间变化、导致 1843 年至 1876 年异常干旱阶段的天气控制，以及使用晚材识别独立于 TCP 的干旱的有效性。我们发现在250多年的重建过程中（持续时间范围= 17-62年）发生了六个交替的干/湿阶段，并且1843-1876年晚材宽度异常狭窄和TCP值低（即大抑制）的时期在过去25年中是独一无二的。大压制恰逢美国东部500 hPa高度的异常低压（相对平均hPa偏差=−60 DAM）时期，这强烈影响TC的转向。我们发现，虽然每个干旱阶段的特点是这些转向低点的持续存在，包括最近（2006-2016）在美国没有主要热带气旋登陆的时期，但大镇压的强度是无与伦比的。最后，我们确定长叶松晚材宽度的变化并不能反映总体土壤湿度条件，因为窄或宽的晚材宽度都与非TC相关降水的变化不相符。相反，晚材生长冲刷与高强度热带气旋相关降雨事件后地下水位短暂升高有关。
Latewood ring widths of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) are effective recorders of annual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation (TCP), accounting for approximately half of the explained variance. Based on a regional chronology comprised of data from five sites in coastal North Carolina, we reconstructed TCP during 1750–2015 to examine temporal variability of multidecadal dry and wet TCP regimes, the synoptic controls that contributed to an exceptionally dry phase in 1843–1876, and the effectiveness of using latewood to identify droughts independent of TCP. We found six phases of alternating dry/wet phases occurred during the 250+ years in the reconstruction (duration range = 17–62 years) and the 1843–1876 period of exceptionally narrow latewood widths and low TCP values (i.e., the Great Suppression) was unique during the past quarter millennium. The Great Suppression coincided with a period of anomalously low pressure (relative mean hPa deviation = −60 DAM) over the eastern USA at 500 hPa heights, which strongly affects the steering of TCs. We found that while each dry phase was characterized by a persistence of these steering lows, including the most recent (2006–2016) period absent of major landfalling TCs in the United States, the Great Suppression was unmatched in intensity. Finally, we determined that variability in longleaf pine latewood widths do not reflect overall soil‐moisture conditions, as neither narrow nor wide latewood widths are coincident with variations in non‐TC‐related precipitation. Rather, latewood growth flushes are associated with ephemeral periods of elevated water tables following high‐intensity TC‐related rainfall events.