Development of the Human Incus With Special Reference to the Detachment From the Chondrocranium to be Transferred into the Middle Ear
Development of the Human Incus With Special Reference to the Detachment From the Chondrocranium to be Transferred into the Middle Ear
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人类砧骨的发育，特别是从软骨颅骨上分离并转移到中耳
DOI：
10.1002/ar.23832
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Murakami Gen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rodriguez-Vazquez Jose Francisco;Yamamoto Masahito;Abe Shinichi;Katori Yukio;Murakami Gen
哺乳动物的中耳代表了这类脊椎动物最基本的特征之一。然而，人类砧骨的起源和发展过程仍然存在争议。本研究旨在演示中耳内砧骨发育和整合的所有步骤。我们检查了55个发育6到13周的人类胚胎和胎儿的组织切片。在发育6周时(卡内基16期)，在第一咽弓的头端发现了砧骨原基。在这一阶段，中耳听小骨的三个原基在不同的位置是独立的。在卡内基第17期，一个均匀的带间清楚地界定了砧骨和踝关节。砧骨的颅端非常靠近耳囊。7周和8周时表现为砧骨短肢与耳囊相连。9周时表现为砧骨与耳囊的初始分离。13周时，耳囊与砧骨之间出现空洞。我们的结果提供了重要的证据，证明人类的砧骨是从第一咽弓发育而来的，但独立于Meckel软骨。此外，在发育过程中，砧骨与耳囊相连，然后最终将其分离。人类砧骨的发育提供了证据，证明该听骨与方骨同源。Anat Rec，2018年。©2018威利期刊公司。
The mammalian middle ear represents one of the most fundamental features defining this class of vertebrates. However, the origin and the developmental process of the incus in the human remains controversial. The present study seeks to demonstrate all the steps of development and integration of the incus within the middle ear. We examined histological sections of 55 human embryos and fetuses at 6 to 13 weeks of development. At 6 weeks of development (16 Carnegie Stage), the incus anlage was found at the cranial end of the first pharyngeal arch. At this stage, each of the three anlagen of the ossicles in the middle ear were independent in different locations. At Carnegie Stage 17 a homogeneous interzone clearly defined the incus and malleus anlagen. The cranial end of the incus was located very close to the otic capsule. At 7 and 8 weeks was characterized by the short limb of the incus connecting with the otic capsule. At 9 weeks was characterized by an initial disconnection of the incus from the otic capsule. At 13 weeks, a cavity appeared between the otic capsule and incus. Our results provide significant evidence that the human incus developed from the first pharyngeal arch but independently from Meckel's cartilage. Also, during development, the incus was connected with the otic capsule, and then it was detached definitively. The development of the incus in humans provides evidence that this ossicle is homologous to the quadrate. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.