Role of Defensins in Tumor Biology.
Role of Defensins in Tumor Biology.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms24065268
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发表时间：
2023-03-09
影响因子：
5.6
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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防御素长期以来一直被认为仅仅是抗菌肽。多年来，α-防御素和β-防御素亚家族的更多免疫相关功能已被发现。这篇综述对防御素在肿瘤免疫中的作用提供了见解。由于防御素在某些癌症类型中存在并存在差异表达，研究人员开始揭示它们在肿瘤微环境中的作用。人中性粒细胞多肽已被证明通过渗透细胞膜直接溶解肿瘤。此外，防御素还可以造成DNA损伤，诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。在肿瘤微环境中，防御素可以作为免疫细胞亚群的趋化剂，如T细胞、未成熟树突状细胞、单核细胞和肥大细胞。此外，通过激活目标白细胞，防御素产生促炎信号。此外，免疫佐剂效应已经在各种模型中得到了报道。因此，防御素的作用超出了它们的直接抗菌作用，即分解入侵粘膜表面的微生物。防御素通过增加促炎信号事件、细胞裂解(产生抗原)以及抗原提呈细胞的吸引和激活，在激活适应性免疫系统和产生抗肿瘤免疫中发挥相关作用，从而有助于免疫治疗的成功。
Defensins have long been considered as merely antimicrobial peptides. Throughout the years, more immune-related functions have been discovered for both the α-defensin and β-defensin subfamily. This review provides insights into the role of defensins in tumor immunity. Since defensins are present and differentially expressed in certain cancer types, researchers started to unravel their role in the tumor microenvironment. The human neutrophil peptides have been demonstrated to be directly oncolytic by permealizing the cell membrane. Further, defensins can inflict DNA damage and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. In the tumor microenvironment, defensins can act as chemoattractants for subsets of immune cells, such as T cells, immature dendritic cells, monocytes and mast cells. Additionally, by activating the targeted leukocytes, defensins generate pro-inflammatory signals. Moreover, immuno-adjuvant effects have been reported in a variety of models. Therefore, the action of defensins reaches beyond their direct antimicrobial effect, i.e., the lysis of microbes invading the mucosal surfaces. By causing an increase in pro-inflammatory signaling events, cell lysis (generating antigens) and attraction and activation of antigen presenting cells, defensins could have a relevant role in activating the adaptive immune system and generating anti-tumor immunity, and could thus contribute to the success of immune therapy.