Phospholipase A1: structure, distribution and function
Phospholipase A1: structure, distribution and function
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DOI：
10.2217/17460875.1.6.687
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发表时间：
2006-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Inoue;J. Aoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Inoue;J. Aoki
磷脂酶（PL）A1是一种水解磷脂并产生2-酰基溶血磷脂和脂肪酸的酶。虽然PLA1在许多生物体和组织中都有活性，但其功能直到最近才被阐明。目前已知哺乳动物中有6种细胞外酶和3种细胞内酶。细胞外PLA1由磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）特异性PLA1 （PS-PLA1）、膜相关磷脂酸（PA）选择性PLA1 （mPA-PLA1α和mPA-PLA1β）、肝脂肪酶（HL）、内皮脂肪酶（EL）和胰腺脂肪酶相关蛋白(PLRP)-2组成，均属于脂肪酶基因家族。PS-PLA1、EL、mPA-PLA1α和mPA-PLA1β倾向于磷脂底物，而HL和PLRP-2同时具有PLA1和脂肪酶水解三酰甘油的活性。EL通过水解高密度脂蛋白颗粒上的磷脂酰胆碱参与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）代谢。PS-PLA1、mPA-PLA1α和mPA-PLA1β在两个表面环(l…
Phospholipase (PL)A1 is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids and produces 2-acyl-lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Although PLA1 activities have been detected in many organisms and tissues, their functions have not been elucidated until recently. Currently, six extracellular and three intracellular PLA1 enzymes are known in mammals. The extracellular PLA1s consist of phosphatidylserine (PS)-specific PLA1 (PS-PLA1), membrane-associated phosphatidic acid (PA)-selective PLA1s (mPA-PLA1α and mPA-PLA1β), hepatic lipase (HL), endothelial lipase (EL) and pancreatic lipase-related protein (PLRP)-2, all of which belong to the lipase gene family. PS-PLA1, EL, mPA-PLA1α and mPA-PLA1β prefer phospholipid substrates, whereas HL and PLRP-2 show both PLA1 activity and lipase activity to hydrolyze triacylglycerol. EL has a role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism by hydrolyzing phosphatidylcholine on HDL particles. PS-PLA1, mPA-PLA1α and mPA-PLA1β have distinct structural features in two surface loops (the l...