Insect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidences, Mechanisms and Implications.
Insect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidences, Mechanisms and Implications.
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DOI：
10.3390/insects3010161
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发表时间：
2012-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Watanabe M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kageyama D;Narita S;Watanabe M
节肢动物的性别决定系统是惊人的多样性。有些物种具有雄性或雌性异配子性染色体，而另一些物种则没有性染色体。大多数物种是二倍体，但有些物种，包括黄蜂，蚂蚁，蓟马和螨，是单倍体二倍体（雄性n;雌性2n）。许多性畸变，如性嵌合体、性特异性致死和性转换，可以用发育缺陷来解释，包括双核卵的双受精、性染色体的丢失或性别决定基因表达的干扰，这些缺陷是偶然发生的或由某些环境条件引起的。然而，最近的研究表明，这种性畸变可能是由各种垂直传播的内共生微生物引起的，如沃尔巴克氏体属、立克次体属、砷菌属、螺原体属和Cardinium属的细菌，以及微孢子虫原生生物。本文首先总结了内共生体诱导性畸变的研究进展，然后讨论了内共生体如何影响宿主的发育系统，以及内共生体对宿主种群的生态和进化影响。
The sex-determining systems of arthropods are surprisingly diverse. Some species have male or female heterogametic sex chromosomes while other species do not have sex chromosomes. Most species are diploids but some species, including wasps, ants, thrips and mites, are haplodiploids (n in males; 2n in females). Many of the sexual aberrations, such as sexual mosaics, sex-specific lethality and conversion of sexuality, can be explained by developmental defects including double fertilization of a binucleate egg, loss of a sex chromosome or perturbation of sex-determining gene expression, which occur accidentally or are induced by certain environmental conditions. However, recent studies have revealed that such sexual aberrations can be caused by various groups of vertically-transmitted endosymbiotic microbes such as bacteria of the genera Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Spiroplasma and Cardinium, as well as microsporidian protists. In this review, we first summarize the accumulated data on endosymbiont-induced sexual aberrations, and then discuss how such endosymbionts affect the developmental system of their hosts and what kinds of ecological and evolutionary effects these endosymbionts have on their host populations.