Synantocytes: New functions for novel NG2 expressing glia
Synantocytes: New functions for novel NG2 expressing glia
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1025751900356
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Berry, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Butt, AM;Kiff, J;Berry, M
在成人CNS中，NG2硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖（CSPG）的抗体标记了大量具有少突胶质细胞祖细胞（OPC）抗原表型的神经胶质细胞。然而，表达NG2的胶质细胞具有星形胶质细胞的形态表型，而不是OPC。我们建议成人NG2表达神经胶质细胞是一种独特的成熟的神经胶质细胞类型，我们称之为syantocytes或synantoglia后，希腊“接触”，因为他们专门接触神经元和轴突在突触和节点的Ranvier，分别。突触细胞是一种高度复杂的细胞，它具有多种分支过程，在白色和灰质中同样重要。我们提供的证据表明，表型不同的synantocytes发育出生后，出生后也不是成人synantocytes依赖于轴突为他们的生存，表明他们响应显着不同的行为的环境线索和轴突信号，控制OPC分化成少突胶质细胞。突触体细胞对CNS环境变化的主要反应是快速和局部反应性胶质增生。反应性突触体细胞与损伤部位的星形胶质细胞和巨噬细胞密切相互作用，这与它们在保护底层神经组织的瘢痕形成的协调中发挥关键作用一致。我们的假设是，突触体细胞通过其细胞接触、质膜受体库和NG2分子本身专门监测和响应CNS完整性的变化。套用德尔里奥霍特加，我们提出，synantocyte是第五个元素，在中枢神经系统中，除了神经元，星形胶质细胞，少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞。
In the adult CNS, antibodies to the NG2 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) label a large population of glia that have the antigenic phenotype of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). However, NG2 expressing glia have the morphological phenotype of astrocytes, not OPC. We propose adult NG2 expressing glia are a distinct mature glial type, which we have called syantocytes or synantoglia after the Greek 'to contact', because they specifically contact neurons and axons at synapses and nodes of Ranvier, respectively. Synantocytes are highly complex cells that elaborate multiple branching processes and are an equally significant population in both white and grey matter. We provide evidence that phenotypically distinct synantocytes develop postnatally and that neither postnatal nor adult synantocytes depend on axons for their survival, indicating they respond with markedly different behaviours to the environmental cues and axonal signals that control the differentiation of OPC into oligodendrocytes. The primary response of synantocytes to changes in the CNS environment is a rapid and localised reactive gliosis. Reactive synantocytes interact intimately with astrocytes and macrophages at lesion sites, consistent with them playing a key role in the orchestration of scar formation that protects the underlying neural tissue. It is our hypothesis that synantocytes are specialised to monitor and respond to changes in the integrity of the CNS, by way of their cellular contacts, repertoire of plasmalemmal receptors and the NG2 molecule itself. To paraphrase Del Rio Hortega, we propose that synantocytes are the fifth element in the CNS, in addition to neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia.