Cleavage Theory and Elections in Post-Soviet Russia
Cleavage Theory and Elections in Post-Soviet Russia
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分裂理论与后苏联俄罗斯的选举
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
Y. Korgunyuk
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作者：
Y. Korgunyuk
摘要本文提出了一种详细的技术来识别选举分裂和政治分裂之间的联系，以及选举分裂和社会分层因素之间的联系。所描述的方法随后被用于研究后苏联俄罗斯（1993-2011）选举分裂的政治和社会内容。我们发现了两个“完整的”长期选举分裂，可以从政治和社会两方面进行解释：(1)“亲市场的现代主义者与反市场的传统主义者”；(2)“当局对社区”。第一个分裂定义了20世纪90年代国家的政治发展，第二个分裂决定了2000年之后的时期。第一个分裂与左右（社会经济）和“现代主义-传统主义”政治维度密切相关，第二个分裂与“威权主义-民主”分裂有关。这两种分裂首先受到城乡差异的社会制约，或者，同样的，不同地区的经济成就。“支持市场的现代主义者与反对市场的传统主义者”的分裂也与领土的社会文化发展水平有很强的联系，“当局与社区”的分裂与其人口特征（特别是种族构成）有很强的联系。
Abstract This paper presents a detailed technique for identifying links between the electoral cleavages and political divides, on the one hand, and between the electoral cleavages and factors of social stratification, on the other. The described methodology is subsequently used for studying the political and social content of the electoral cleavages in post-Soviet Russia (1993–2011). Two ‘full’ long-term electoral cleavages are detected that can be interpreted both politically and socially: (1) ‘pro-market modernists versus anti-market traditionalists’; (2) ‘authorities versus community’. The first cleavage defined the political development of the country in the 1990s, the second determined it for the period after 2000. The first cleavage has strong correlation with left-right (socioeconomic) and ‘modernist–traditionalist’ political dimensions, the second with the ‘authoritarian-democratic’ division. Both cleavages are conditioned socially first of all by urban–rural differences or, what is the same, the economic successfulness of different territories. The ‘pro-market modernists versus anti-market traditionalists’ cleavage also has a strong connection to the level of sociocultural development of the territories, the ‘authorities versus community’ cleavage to their demographic characteristics (particularly, ethnic composition).