Sleep Learning Gets Real
Sleep Learning Gets Real
复制标题
睡眠学习变得真实
DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican1118-26
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Oudiette, Delphine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paller, Ken A.;Oudiette, Delphine
纳尔道斯·赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》，一个男孩用他不会说的英语背诵讲座中的每一个单词。当男孩睡觉的时候，收音机就在播放他的演讲。一觉醒来，他就能背诵整个讲经。基于这一发现，赫胥黎反乌托邦世界的极权主义当局采用了这种方法来塑造他们所有公民的潜意识。睡眠学习在文学、流行文化和古代传说中随处可见。以动画电视连续剧《迪特的实验室》中的主角德克斯特为例。在其中一集中，德克斯特浪费时间做作业，所以他发明了一个一夜之间学会说法语的装置。第二天醒来，他除了法语什么也不会说。睡眠学习的概念并不是一个现代发明。每个人都知道当我们休息好时，我们学得更好。然而，大多数人对睡眠学习的概念不以为然，然而，一系列新的神经科学发现使这一观点变得复杂，它们表明学习的一个关键部分发生在睡眠中：最近形成的记忆在夜间重新出现，这种回放可以帮助强化它们，至少有一些记忆可以被记住一辈子。一些研究甚至探讨了是否可以通过操纵睡眠来提高学习能力。他们揭示了睡眠的好处
NALDOUS HUXLEY'S BRAVE NEW WORLD, A BOY MEMORIZES EACH WORD OF A LECTURE IN ENGLISH, a language he does not speak. The learning happens as the boy sleeps within earshot of a radio broadcast of the lecture. On awakening, he is able to recite the entire lecture. Based On this discovery, the totalitarian authorities of Huxley's dystopian world adapt the method to shape the unconscious minds Of all their citizens.Sleep learning turns up throughout literature, pop culture and ancient lore. Take Dexter, the lead character in the animated television series Deater's Laboratory. In one episode, Dexter Squanders his time for homework, so instead he invents a contraption for learning to speak French overnight. He wakes up the next day unable to speak anything but French. The idea of sleep learning isn't just a modern invention. It also appears within a centuries-old mind-training practice of Tibetan Buddhists; a message whispered during sleep was intended to help a monk recognize the events in his dreams as illusory. Everyone knows we learn better when we are well rested. Most people, however, dismiss the notion of sleep learning out of hand, Yet a set of new neuroscientific findings complicates this picture by showing that a critical part of learning occurs during sleep: recently formed memories resurface during the night, and this playback can help reinforce them, allowing at least a few to be remembered for a lifetime. Some studies have even explored whether sleep might be manipulated to enhance learning. They reveal that sleep's pro-