Biological monitoring of exposure to tebuconazole in winegrowers
Biological monitoring of exposure to tebuconazole in winegrowers
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2014.14
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Moretto, Angelo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fustinoni, Silvia;Mercadante, Rosa;Moretto, Angelo
戊唑醇（TEB）是一种广泛用于葡萄园的杀菌剂，是一种可疑的人类致畸剂。本研究的目的是确定尿液中的生物标志物和最佳采样时间的农业工人接触TEB的生物监测。意大利Piedemont蒙费拉托地区的七名葡萄园工人接受了总共12个工作日的调查。他们用TEB连续处理葡萄园1-2天，其中一天为3天。在每次施药过程中，使用工作服、内衣、洗手液和头罩来估计皮肤接触。对于生物监测，从第一次施用前24小时开始，在施用期间继续，并在施用后约48小时再次收集每个个体的尿液点样。通过液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱法测定TEB及其代谢产物TEB-OH和TEB-COOH。TEB污染的工作服和总皮肤接触显示，中位数水平为6180和1020微克。尿液中TEB-OH是最丰富的代谢产物;其排泄率在产品应用后24小时内达到峰值（24小时后）。在此时间范围内，TEB-OH和TEB-COOH的中位水平分别为8.0 - 387.8 μ g/l和5.7 - 102.9 μ g/l，两种代谢物之间的比值约为3.5。24小时后尿代谢物（U-TEBeq）的总量与工作服上的TEB和总皮肤暴露量显著相关（Pearson r = 0.756和0.577）。尿液中排泄的代谢物量约占皮肤TEB总暴露量的17%。我们的研究结果表明，TEB-OH和TEB-COOH在暴露后的尿液样本是有前途的候选人TEB暴露在农业工人的生物监测。
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a fungicide widely used in vineyards and is a suspected teratogen for humans. The aim of this research was to identify urinary biomarkers and the best sampling time for the biological monitoring of exposure to TEB in agricultural workers. Seven vineyard workers of the Monferrato region, Piedemont, Italy, were investigated for a total of 12 workdays. They treated the vineyards with TEB for 1-2 consecutive days, one of them for 3 days. During each application coveralls, underwears, hand washing liquids and head coverings were used to estimate dermal exposure. For biomonitoring, spot samples of urine from each individual were collected starting from 24 h before the first application, continuing during the application, and again after the application for about 48 h. TEB and its metabolites TEB-OH and TEB-COOH were measured by liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. TEB contamination of coveralls and total dermal exposure showed median levels of 6180 and 1020 mu g. Urinary TEB-OH was the Most abundant metabolite; its excretion rate peaked within 24h after product application (post 24 h). In this time frame, median levels of TEB-OH and TEB-COOH ranged from 8.0 to 387.8 mu g/l and from 5.7 to 102.9 mu g/l, respectively, with a ratio between the two metabolites of about 3.5. The total amount of urinary metabolites (U-TEBeq) post 24h was significantly correlated with both TEB on coveralls and total dermal exposure (Pearson's r = 0.756 and 0.577). The amount of metabolites excreted in urine represented about 17% of total dermal TEB exposure. Our results suggest that TEB-OH and TEB-COOH in post-exposure urine samples are promising candidates for biomonitoring TEB exposure in agricultural workers.