The practical importance of permanent and semipermanent habitats for controlling aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes:: operational observations from a rural town in western Kenya
The practical importance of permanent and semipermanent habitats for controlling aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes:: operational observations from a rural town in western Kenya
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01335.x
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Becker, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fillinger, U;Sonye, G;Becker, N
控制水生阶段的按蚊是预防疟疾的最古老和历史上最成功的干预措施之一，但在非洲很少应用。因此，未成熟的非洲热带按蚊的生态没有得到足够的重视。因此，我们研究了非洲按蚊和库蚊的种群动态，采用操作上可行的技术，以研究不同幼虫栖息地的相对重要性和可用性，在准备一个试点规模的幼虫控制方案的地区常年疟疾传播。这项研究是在肯尼亚西部维多利亚湖畔的一个乡村小镇Mbita进行的，为期20多个月。每周进行幼虫调查，以确定积水的可用性，栖息地特征和幼虫密度。每隔两周在室内收集成蚊。水生栖息地的可用性和蚊子幼虫的丰度与降雨量直接相关。成蚊密度遵循类似的模式，但有大约1个月的时滞。大约70%的现有栖息地是人造的，其中一半是水泥内衬的坑。在给定的采样日期，平均67%的水生栖息地被按蚊幼虫定殖，其中所有形态学鉴定为A。广义冈比亚自然和人工栖息地同样富有成效的研究期间，幼虫密度呈正相关，存在丛生的低植被和负相关的非垫藻含量。栖息地的持久性对幼虫生产力没有显着影响。我们的结论是A.冈比亚广泛分布在各种生境类型中，无论其永久性如何。在一年中的任何时候，都需要将所有潜在的滋生地视为疟疾风险的来源，并在任何幼虫控制干预措施中彻底锁定。
Control of aquatic-stage Anopheles is one of the oldest and most historically successful interventions to prevent malaria, but it has seen little application in Africa. Consequently, the ecology of immature afrotropical Anopheles has received insufficient attention. We therefore examined the population dynamics of African anopheline and culicine mosquitoes using operationally practicable techniques to examine the relative importance and availability of different larval habitats in an area of perennial malaria transmission in preparation for a pilot-scale larval control programme. The study was conducted in Mbita, a rural town on the shores of Lake Victoria in Western Kenya, over 20 months. Weekly larval surveys were conducted to identify the availability of stagnant water, habitat characteristics and larval densities. Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors at fortnightly intervals. Availability of aquatic habitats and abundance of mosquito larvae were directly correlated with rainfall. Adult mosquito densities followed similar patterns but with a time-lag of approximately 1 month. About 70% of all available habitats were man-made, half of them representing cement-lined pits. On average, 67% of all aquatic habitats on a given sampling date were colonized by Anopheles larvae, of which all identified morphologically were A. gambiae sensu lato. Natural and artificial habitats were equally productive over the study period and larval densities were positively correlated with presence of tufts of low vegetation and negatively with non-matted algal content. The permanence of a habitat had no significant influence on larval productivity. We conclude that A. gambiae is broadly distributed across a variety of habitat types, regardless of permanence. All potential breeding sites need to be considered as sources of malaria risk at any time of the year and exhaustively targeted in any larval control intervention.