The potential role of cocaine and heroin co-use in the opioid epidemic in the United States.

The potential role of cocaine and heroin co-use in the opioid epidemic in the United States.
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可卡因和海洛因共同使用在美国阿片类药物流行病中的潜在作用。

DOI:
10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106680
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发表时间:
2021-03
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
Williams JM
Williams JM
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goodwin RD;Moeller SJ;Zhu J;Yarden J;Ganzhorn S;Williams JM

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阿片类药物/海洛因的使用在美国是一种流行病。与使用单一物质相比,使用多种物质会显著增加不良过量后果的风险。海洛因和可卡因的共同使用,被称为“速球”,比单独使用任何一种都有更高的过量风险。目前尚不清楚近年来,在美国,在全国范围内,共同使用是否比单独使用任何一种药物有所增加。如果是这样,这可能是与美国阿片类药物流行相关的死亡率上升的一个因素。本研究调查了2002年至2017年美国海洛因和可卡因的使用和共同使用的流行程度。数据来自2002-2017年全国药物使用和健康调查(NSDUH),以估计过去一个月海洛因使用、可卡因使用以及海洛因和可卡因共同使用在12岁及以上的美国人中的流行程度。从2002年到2017年,可卡因使用(不含海洛因)(调整优势比(AOR)=0.971, 95%可信区间(0.963,0.979))总体下降,但随后的二次分析表明,可卡因使用从2011年开始增加。相比之下,2002 - 2017年,海洛因和可卡因共同使用(AOR=1.062(1.027, 1.099))和海洛因使用(不含可卡因)(AOR=1.101(1.070, 1.133))呈线性增加。筛查、外展、临床治疗和第一反应者应该意识到多物质使用模式的增加,海洛因和可卡因共同使用对第一反应者干预的潜在影响,以及在美国增加多种物质暴露对过量结果的潜在作用。
Opioid/heroin use is an epidemic in the United States (US). Polysubstance use dramatically increases risk of adverse overdose outcomes, versus use of a single substance. Co-use of heroin and cocaine, known as “speedballing,” is associated with higher risk of overdose than use of either alone. It is not known whether co-use relative to use of either alone has increased in the US in recent years at a national level. If so, this may be one contributing factor to the increasing fatality rate associated with the US opioid epidemic. This study investigated the prevalence of use of each and co-use of heroin and cocaine from 2002 to 2017 in the US. Data were drawn from the 2002–2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to estimate prevalence of past-month heroin use, cocaine use, and co-use of heroin and cocaine among Americans ages 12 and older. From 2002 to 2017, cocaine use (without heroin) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.971, 95% confidence interval (0.963, 0.979)) declined overall, though a subsequent quadratic analysis suggested that it began increasing in 2011. In contrast, heroin and cocaine co-use (AOR=1.062 (1.027, 1.099)) and heroin use (without cocaine) (AOR=1.101 (1.070, 1.133)) linearly increased from 2002 to 2017. Screening, outreach, clinical treatment, and first responders should be aware of increasing patterns of polysubstance use and the potential implications of co-use of heroin and cocaine on first responders’ intervention and the potential role of increasing exposure to multiple substances on overdose outcomes in the US.
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm655051e1
发表时间: 2016-12-30
影响因子: 33.9
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