Inositol in bacteria and archaea.
Inositol in bacteria and archaea.
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细菌和古细菌中的肌醇。
DOI：
10.1007/0-387-27600-9_5
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roberts,MaryF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts,MaryF
磷酸化肌醇是生物化学中的一个重要部分，是真核生物信号转导途径的基础。肌醇也存在于细菌和古细菌中，不是作为信号通路的一部分，但具有多种独特的用途。肌醇作为分枝杆菌中与谷胱甘肽相当的分子分枝杆菌硫醇的一部分，作为超嗜热菌中不寻常的渗透剂[例如，二-肌醇-1，1-磷酸（DIP）]的一部分，以及作为分枝杆菌中一系列糖基化脂质的脂质头基锚，所述糖基化脂质在致病性分枝杆菌与哺乳动物细胞的相互作用中至关重要。肌醇的生物合成在所有生物体中以相同的步骤发生，细菌/古细菌酶与它们的真核生物酶的比较经常产生有趣的惊喜。肌醇部分可以转化为在细胞中具有特定作用的可溶性分子，或者它可以固定到膜组分中。当病原体中产生独特的含肌醇产物时，这些产物可以成为药物开发的目标。细菌还进化出了特异性降解含肌醇化合物的酶：磷脂酰肌醇（PI）特异性磷脂酶C将水解靶膜中的PI，而植酸酶水解肌醇六磷酸（植酸盐）为细胞提供无机磷酸盐。这篇综述的目的是提出一些更有趣的分子，包含肌醇合成的细菌和古细菌细胞，并描述什么是已知的关于他们的生物合成。本文还简要介绍了细菌和古细菌肌醇的生物合成和分解代谢活动。
Phosphorylated myo-inositol is an important moiety in biochemistry as the basis for signal transduction pathways in eukaryotes. Inositol also occurs in bacteria and archaea, not as part of a signaling pathway, but with diverse and unique uses. myo-Inositol occurs as part of mycothiol, a molecule comparable to glutathione in mycobacteria, as part of an unusual osmolyte in hyperthermophiles [eg, di-myo-inositol-1, 1-phosphate (DIP)], and as the lipid headgroup anchor for a series of glycosylated lipids in mycobacteria that are critical in the interaction of pathogenic mycobacteria with mammalian cells. myo-Inositol biosynthesis occurs by the same steps in all organisms, and comparisons of bacterial/archaeal enzymes to their eukaryotic counterparts often yield interesting surprises. The inositol moiety can be converted to a soluble molecule with specific roles in cells or it can be fixed into membrane components. When unique inositol-containing products are generated in pathogens, these can be targets for drug development. Bacteria have also evolved enzymes that specifically degrade inositol-containing compounds: phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C would hydrolyze the PI in target membranes, while phytases hydrolyze inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate) to supply cells with inorganic phosphate. This review aims to present some of the more interesting molecules containing inositol synthesized by bacterial and archaeal cells, and to describe what is known about their biosynthesis. A brief review of bacterial and archaeal inositol biosynthesis and catabolic activities is also provided.