European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Ionising and non-ionising radiation and cancer
European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Ionising and non-ionising radiation and cancer
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DOI：
10.1016/j.canep.2015.03.016
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schuez, Joachim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McColl, Neil;Auvinen, Anssi;Schuez, Joachim
电离辐射可以转移足够的能量来电离分子，这可能导致化学变化，包括细胞中的DNA损伤。电离辐射致癌性的主要证据来自：对日本原子弹爆炸幸存者的后续研究;对受到医疗、职业或环境来源辐射的群体的其他流行病学研究;实验动物研究;以及对辐射的细胞反应研究。考虑到暴露于环境电离辐射，吸入自然产生的氡是人口中的主要辐射源-其剂量比核能生产或核沉降物的剂量高几个数量级。室内暴露于氡及其衰变产物是肺癌的一个重要原因;在欧洲，氡可能导致大约十分之一的肺癌。可以通过三个步骤来减少建筑物中的氡气暴露，即识别氡气水平可能升高的建筑物、测量氡气水平以及通过安装修复系统来减少暴露。因此，在第四版《欧洲抗癌守则》中，建议：“查明您是否暴露在家中天然高氡水平的辐射中。采取行动降低高氡水平”。非电离类型的辐射（能量不足以电离分子）-包括极低频电场和磁场以及射频电磁场-不是癌症的既定原因，因此未在降低癌症风险的建议中提及。(C)2015年国际癌症研究机构;被许可人ELSEVIER Ltd
Ionising radiation can transfer sufficient energy to ionise molecules, and this can lead to chemical changes, including DNA damage in cells. Key evidence for the carcinogenicity of ionising radiation comes from: follow-up studies of the survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan; other epidemiological studies of groups that have been exposed to radiation from medical, occupational or environmental sources; experimental animal studies; and studies of cellular responses to radiation. Considering exposure to environmental ionising radiation, inhalation of naturally occurring radon is the major source of radiation in the population - in doses orders of magnitude higher than those from nuclear power production or nuclear fallout. Indoor exposure to radon and its decay products is an important cause of lung cancer; radon may cause approximately one in ten lung cancers in Europe. Exposures to radon in buildings can be reduced via a three step process of identifying those with potentially elevated radon levels, measuring radon levels, and reducing exposure by installation of remediation systems. In the 4th Edition of the European Code against Cancer it is therefore recommended to: "Find out if you are exposed to radiation from naturally high radon levels in your home. Take action to reduce high radon levels". Non-ionising types of radiation (those with insufficient energy to ionise molecules)-including extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields as well as radiofrequency electromagnetic fields - are not an established cause of cancer and are therefore not addressed in the recommendations to reduce cancer risk. (C) 2015 International Agency for Research on Cancer; Licensee ELSEVIER Ltd