Collective Justice: Ex-Combatants and Community Reparations in Colombia
Collective Justice: Ex-Combatants and Community Reparations in Colombia
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集体正义：哥伦比亚的前战斗人员和社区赔偿
DOI：
10.1093/jhuman/huac030
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Dixon P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dixon P
在涉及非国家武装团体的冲突中，对过渡时期司法和解除武装、复员和重返社会采取个人化办法，受害者和前战斗人员都面临重大缺陷。然而，过渡时期司法和解除武装、复员和重返社会都在审问个别办法和集体办法之间的紧张关系方面遇到了困难，它们更多地侧重于关于适当平衡的规范性辩论，而不是过渡社区的实际经验。本文试图通过对哥伦比亚平民和前战斗人员社区之间正义和共存的当地经验的实证研究来推动这一辩论。作者利用了一个独特的数据集，其中包括哥伦比亚农村地区八个平民和前战斗社区的基于社区的“日常”共存和正义指标。利用该国的赔偿机制网络，该文件区分了“国家主导”和“社区主导”的集体正义，并提出后者可以同时反映平民和前战斗人员社区的优先事项和生活经历--并最终提供一条共存的途径。这将与哥伦比亚政府目前的集体赔偿项目形成鲜明对比，直接涉及平民和前战斗人员社区的关切和优先事项：在平民方面，由实施暴力行为的人直接赔偿；在前战斗人员方面，作为一个社区得到承认和接受。这种由社区领导的模式将过渡时期司法与解除武装、复员和重返社会进程结合起来，将成为主导过渡时期司法的个人和国家领导的集体办法之间的一个务实的中间地带。
In conflicts involving non-state armed groups, individualized approaches to transitional justice and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration face significant shortcomings for both victims and ex-combatants. Yet, both transitional justice and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration have had trouble interrogating the tensions between individualized and collective approaches, focusing more on normative debates over the proper balance than on the actual experiences of communities in transition. This paper seeks to advance this debate through empirical research on the local experience of justice and coexistence amid civilian and ex-combatant communities in Colombia. The authors utilized a unique dataset of ‘everyday’ community-based indicators of coexistence and justice in eight civilian and ex-combatant communities in rural Colombia. Using the country’s web of reparations mechanisms, the paper draws a distinction between ‘state-led’ and ‘community-led’ collective justice and proposes that the latter can speak to both civilian and ex-combatant communities’ priorities and lived experiences—and, ultimately, provide a pathway to coexistence. This would stand in contrast to the Colombian state’s current collective reparations projects by speaking directly to the concerns and priorities of both civilian and ex-combatant communities: on the civilian side, to be compensated directly by those who committed acts of violence; and on the ex-combatant side, to be recognized and accepted as a community. Such a community-led model integrating transitional justice and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes would serve as a pragmatic middle ground between the individual and state-led collective approaches that dominate transitional justice.