Life strategies for Aminicenantia in subseafloor oceanic crust
Life strategies for Aminicenantia in subseafloor oceanic crust
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-023-01454-5
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发表时间：
2023-06-16
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Orcutt，Beth N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Booker，Anne E.;D'Angelo，Timothy;Orcutt，Beth N.
经过几十年的研究，在海底下的海洋地壳微生物的“深层生物圈”，在这个缺氧，低能量的栖息地的生长和生命策略仍然缺乏描述。使用单细胞基因组学和宏基因组学，我们揭示了两个不同的血统unculturedAminicenantirobacteria的胡安德富卡海岭东侧的玄武质海底下洋壳的生活策略。这两个谱系似乎都适应于有机碳，因为每个谱系都有分解代谢氨基酸和脂肪酸的遗传潜力，与先前的Aminicenantireports一致。由于有机碳的限制，在这个栖息地，海水补给和坏死可能是重要的碳源异养微生物栖息在海洋地壳。这两种谱系通过几种机制产生ATP，包括底物水平磷酸化，无氧呼吸和电子分叉驱动Rnf离子易位膜复合物。基因组比较表明，这些Aminicenantiatransfer电子细胞外，可能铁或硫氧化物与矿物学的这个网站。一个谱系，称为JdFR-78，具有小的基因组，其是氨基对映体类的基础，并可能使用“原始”siroheme生物合成中间体进行血红素合成，这表明该谱系保留了早期进化生命的特征。谱系JdFR-78包含CRISPR-Cas防御以逃避病毒，而其他谱系包含原噬菌体，可能有助于防止超级感染或无法检测到病毒防御。总的来说，基因组证据表明氨基对映体通过利用简单的有机分子和细胞外电子传递而很好地适应了海洋地壳环境。
After decades studying the microbial “deep biosphere” in subseafloor oceanic crust, the growth and life strategies in this anoxic, low energy habitat remain poorly described. Using both single cell genomics and metagenomics, we reveal the life strategies of two distinct lineages of uncultivatedAminicenantiabacteria from the basaltic subseafloor oceanic crust of the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Both lineages appear adapted to scavenge organic carbon, as each have genetic potential to catabolize amino acids and fatty acids, aligning with previousAminicenantiareports. Given the organic carbon limitation in this habitat, seawater recharge and necromass may be important carbon sources for heterotrophic microorganisms inhabiting the ocean crust. Both lineages generate ATP via several mechanisms including substrate-level phosphorylation, anaerobic respiration, and electron bifurcation driving an Rnf ion translocation membrane complex. Genomic comparisons suggest theseAminicenantiatransfer electrons extracellularly, perhaps to iron or sulfur oxides consistent with mineralogy of this site. One lineage, called JdFR-78, has small genomes that are basal to theAminicenantiaclass and potentially use “primordial” siroheme biosynthetic intermediates for heme synthesis, suggesting this lineage retain characteristics of early evolved life. Lineage JdFR-78 contains CRISPR-Cas defenses to evade viruses, while other lineages contain prophage that may help prevent super-infection or no detectable viral defenses. Overall, genomic evidence points toAminicenantiabeing well adapted to oceanic crust environments by taking advantage of simple organic molecules and extracellular electron transport.