Direct observation of cytosine flipping and covalent catalysis in a DNA methyltransferase.

Direct observation of cytosine flipping and covalent catalysis in a DNA methyltransferase.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkq1329
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发表时间:
2011-05
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Klimašauskas S
Klimašauskas S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gerasimaitė R;Merkienė E;Klimašauskas S

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胞嘧啶在DNA中5个位置的甲基化在包括人类在内的多种生物的表观遗传调控中起着重要作用。辅酶s -腺苷-l-蛋氨酸的甲基转移是通过甲基转移酶进行的。利用细菌甲基转移酶M.HhaI的模式,我们证明,在一个化学不受干扰的系统中,第一次直接实时分析了关键的机制事件——靶胞嘧啶碱基的翻转及其共价活化;在这些变化之后,分别监测DNA中的高染性和靶核苷酸中胞嘧啶发色团的丢失。结合对含有重新设计色氨酸荧光团的m.h hhai变体的研究,我们发现目标碱基翻转和移动催化环的关闭是同时发生的,并且这种协同运动的速度与目标碱基对的稳定性成反比。随后,靶胞嘧啶的共价活化紧随其后,但与结合的辅因子的甲基转移不一致。这些发现为这一重要生理反应的时间机制提供了新的见解,并为深入研究其他碱基翻转系统铺平了道路。
Methylation of the five position of cytosine in DNA plays important roles in epigenetic regulation in diverse organisms including humans. The transfer of methyl groups from the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine is carried out by methyltransferase enzymes. Using the paradigm bacterial methyltransferase M.HhaI we demonstrate, in a chemically unperturbed system, the first direct real-time analysis of the key mechanistic events—the flipping of the target cytosine base and its covalent activation; these changes were followed by monitoring the hyperchromicity in the DNA and the loss of the cytosine chromophore in the target nucleotide, respectively. Combined with studies of M.HhaI variants containing redesigned tryptophan fluorophores, we find that the target base flipping and the closure of the mobile catalytic loop occur simultaneously, and the rate of this concerted motion inversely correlates with the stability of the target base pair. Subsequently, the covalent activation of the target cytosine is closely followed by but is not coincident with the methyl group transfer from the bound cofactor. These findings provide new insights into the temporal mechanism of this physiologically important reaction and pave the way to in-depth studies of other base-flipping systems.
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期刊: BIOCHEMISTRY
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