Automatic feature-based grouping during multiple object tracking.
Automatic feature-based grouping during multiple object tracking.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0031750
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发表时间：
2013-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kellman PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erlikhman G;Keane BP;Mettler E;Horowitz TS;Kellman PJ
轮廓内插自动将目标与干扰项绑定在一起，从而影响多个对象的跟踪。插补在这方面是特殊的吗，或者其他功能可以产生相同的效果吗？为了解决这个问题，我们研究了八个特征对跟踪的影响：颜色、对比度极性、方向、大小、形状、深度、内插和组合(形状、颜色、大小)。在每种情况下，受试者都跟踪了8个物体中的4个，这些物体一开始是无差别的形状，随着运动的开始改变了特征(以实现分组)，然后又回到了停止之前的无差别状态。这些特征总是与任务指令无关。我们发现，目标间分组提高了所有特征类型的性能，但方向和内插除外(实验1和实验2)。最重要的是，目标-分心物分组会降低颜色、大小、形状、组合和内插的性能。损伤有时是很大的(精确度降低15%)，并且是相对于同一条件下发生的，即所有物体在试验的每个时刻都具有相同的特征(实验2)，以及相对于“多样性”条件(其中目标和干扰物在每个时刻具有不同的特征(实验3))。我们的结论是，除了内插外，基于特征的分组也适用于各种特征，即使在与任务指令无关且与任务要求相反的情况下也是如此，这表明在促进跟踪任务中的自动分组方面，内插并不是唯一的。我们的结果还表明，在跟踪过程中，各种特征被自动并行地编码。
Contour interpolation automatically binds targets with distractors to impair multiple object tracking. Is interpolation special in this regard, or can other features produce the same effect? To address this question, we examined the influence of eight features on tracking: color, contrast polarity, orientation, size, shape, depth, interpolation and a combination (shape, color, size). In each case, subjects tracked 4 of 8 objects that began as undifferentiated shapes, changed features as motion began (to enable grouping), and returned to their undifferentiated states before halting. The features were always irrelevant to the task instructions. We found that inter-target grouping improved performance for all feature types, except orientation and interpolation (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2). Most importantly, target-distractor grouping impaired performance for color, size, shape, combination, and interpolation. The impairments were at times large (>15% decrement in ac curacy) and occurred relative to a homogeneous condition in which all objects had the same features at each moment of a trial (Experiment 2) and relative to a “diversity” condition in which targets and distractors had different features at each moment (Experiment 3). We conclude that feature-based grouping occurs for a variety of features besides interpolation, even when irrelevant to task instructions and contrary to the task demands, suggesting that interpolation is not unique in promoting automatic grouping in tracking tasks. Our results also imply that various kinds of features are encoded automatically and in parallel during tracking.
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DOI：
10.3758/pp.70.5.818
发表时间：
2008-07-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hadad, Bat-Sheva;Kimchi, Ruth
通讯作者：
Kimchi, Ruth
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Cohen, Michael A.;Pinto, Yair;Horowitz, Todd S.
通讯作者：
Horowitz, Todd S.
DOI：
10.1037/a0020674
发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Keane BP;Mettler E;Tsoi V;Kellman PJ
通讯作者：
Kellman PJ
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Breitmeyer BG;Tapia E
通讯作者：
Tapia E
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
HE, ZJ;NAKAYAMA, K
通讯作者：
NAKAYAMA, K