Know the Flow Milk Flow Rates From Bottle Nipples Used in the Hospital and After Discharge
Know the Flow Milk Flow Rates From Bottle Nipples Used in the Hospital and After Discharge
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DOI：
10.1097/anc.0000000000000538
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Dodrill, Pamela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pados, Britt Frisk;Park, Jinhee;Dodrill, Pamela
背景资料：牛奶流量可能发挥重要作用，在婴儿的能力，安全有效地协调吸吮，吞咽，呼吸在feeding.Purpose：为了测试牛奶流量从奶瓶奶嘴在医院和出院后，方法：奶瓶奶嘴在医院使用（10个独特的类型），并在全国主要零售商（15个独特的类型）进行了鉴定。对于25种乳头类型中的每一种，通过测量由吸奶器在1分钟内提取的婴儿配方奶的量来测试该类型的15个乳头。计算每种乳头类型的平均乳汁流速（mL/min）和变异系数（CV）。在品牌和类别内（例如，慢型、标准型）比较乳头类型。进行聚类分析，以确定乳头可比flow.Results：共375个单独的乳头进行了测试。牛奶流速变化很大，从0.86至37.61毫升/分钟。也有一个广泛的CV，从0.03至0.35。包装信息不能准确反映奶瓶奶嘴的流速。聚类分析揭示了5个乳头群，流速从超慢到非常快。实践意义：这些数据可用于指导决定在医院和出院后使用乳头喂养具有医疗复杂性的婴儿。研究意义：婴儿喂养的研究应考虑使用乳头的流速和变化，因为这些因素可能会影响研究结果。
Background: Milk flow rate may play an important role in an infant's ability to safely and efficiently coordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing during feeding.Purpose: To test milk flow rates from bottle nipples used in the hospital and after discharge.Methods: Bottle nipples used in hospitals (10 unique types) and available nationwide at major retailers (15 unique types) were identified. For each of the 25 nipple types, 15 nipples of that type were tested by measuring the amount of infant formula extracted in 1 minute by a breast pump. Mean milk flow rate (mL/min) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for each nipple type. Comparisons between nipple types were made within brand and within category (eg, Slow, Standard). A cluster analysis was conducted to identify nipples of comparable flow.Results: A total of 375 individual nipples were tested. Milk flow rates varied widely, from 0.86 to 37.61 mL/min. There was also a wide range of CVs, from 0.03 to 0.35. Packing information did not accurately reflect the flow rates of bottle nipples. The cluster analysis revealed 5 clusters of nipples, with flow rates from Extra Slow to Very Fast.Implications for Practice: These data can be used to guide decisions regarding nipples to use for feeding infants with medical complexity in the hospital and after discharge.Implications for Research: Research on infant feeding should consider the flow rate and variability of nipples used, as these factors may impact findings.