Male philopatry, extra pack copulations and inbreeding avoidance in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis)
Male philopatry, extra pack copulations and inbreeding avoidance in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis)
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DOI：
10.1007/s002650050249
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发表时间：
1996-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Macdonald, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SilleroZubiri, C;Gottelli, D;Macdonald, DW
一夫一妻制一直被认为是所有犬科动物（包括群居动物）的基本社会单位。然而，在埃塞俄比亚狼中，栖息地的饱和限制了它们的扩散，这就提出了一个问题：它们是否会避免近亲繁殖，如果会的话，是通过什么机制避免的？在两个研究区域，埃塞俄比亚狼群有稳定的成员。每个狼群由2 - 8只成年雄性，1 - 3只成年雌性组成，包括一个明确的雌雄优势个体，以及1 - 6只一岁的幼崽和最多6只幼崽（共9个狼群）。雄性留在它们的出生群体中，显然一生都是如此。一些雌性也未能分散，而另一些在第二年或第三年分散并成为漂浮者。优势雌性垄断了繁殖，并由它们最优势的女儿（3例）或漂浮物（2例）继承。在前一种情况下，有可能发生乱伦；然而，在观察到的30次交配中，70%是在一个族群的优势雌性和相邻族群的雄性之间进行的。在埃塞俄比亚狼中，在分散受限和近亲繁殖可能性高的条件下，群外交配（以及相关的多父性）导致了近亲繁殖。我们提出了一种可能性，即在犬科动物社会中，额外的配偶交配可能很普遍，而一夫一妻制被认为是家庭的基础，它可能更多地是社会学的，而不是遗传的。
Monogamous pairings have been regarded as the fundamental social unit in all canid species, including those living in packs. In Ethiopian wolves, however, habitat saturation limits dispersal, which raises the question of whether they avoid inbreeding and, if so, by what mechanism. In two study areas Ethiopian wolf packs had stable memberships. Each pack comprised two to eight adult males, one to three adult females, including a clear-cut dominant individual of each sex, together with one to six yearlings and up to six pups (It = 9 packs). Males remained in their natal packs, apparently throughout their lives. Some females also failed to disperse while others dispersed in their second or third year and became floaters. Dominant females monopolized breeding, and were succeeded either by their most dominant daughters (three cases) or by floaters (two cases). In the former case there is potential for incest; however, 70% of 30 copulations observed were between the dominant female of one pack and a male from an adjoining pack. In Ethiopian wolves, under conditions where dispersal is constrained and the potential for inbreeding is high, extra-pack matings (and associated multiple paternity) result in outbreeding. We raise the possibility that extra-pair copulations may be widespread in canid societies and that the monogamy supposedly fundamental to the family may be more sociological than genetic.