Human brain evolution: harnessing the genomics (r)evolution to link genes, cognition, and behavior.
Human brain evolution: harnessing the genomics (r)evolution to link genes, cognition, and behavior.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.012
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发表时间：
2010-10-21
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Geschwind, Daniel H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konopka, Genevieve;Geschwind, Daniel H.
人类大脑的进化产生了许多特殊的功能，包括更高的认知过程，如语言。我们新发现的交流专长与表观遗传水平上的跨代进化过程相结合，导致人类知识和能力的指数增长。然而，与这些有益的成就相平衡的是，人类大脑也容易受到神经精神和神经退行性疾病的影响，这些疾病反映了遗传和环境因素。为了了解这种疾病的易感性机制，更深入地了解发育过程及其与大脑进化基本特征的关系将是必要的。通过高通量测序技术获得的全基因组序列和结构变异的知识为以高分辨率观察人类进化提供了前所未有的机会。然而，表型发现是这些努力的一个关键组成部分，使用非传统模式生物也将是至关重要的拼凑一个完整的图片。最终，大脑发育研究与无数物种独特表型研究的结合将导致人类大脑建立基础的更彻底的模型。此外，这些综合方法应该为人类疾病提供重要的见解。
The evolution of the human brain has resulted in numerous specialized features including higher cognitive processes, such as language. The combination of our newfound communication expertise together with the process of transgenerational evolution at the epigenetic level has led to an exponential increase in human knowledge and abilities. In balance with these beneficent attainments though, the human brain has also acquired vulnerabilities to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, which reflect genetic and environmental factors. To understand the mechanisms of this disease susceptibility, a deeper appreciation of the developmental processes and their relationship to underlying features of brain evolution will be necessary. Knowledge of whole genome sequence and structural variation via high throughput sequencing technology provides an unprecedented opportunity to view human evolution at high resolution. However, phenotype discovery is a critical component of these endeavors and the use of non-traditional model organisms will also be critical for piecing together a complete picture. Ultimately, the union of developmental studies of the brain with studies of unique phenotypes in a myriad of species will result in a more thorough model of the groundwork the human brain built upon. Furthermore, these integrative approaches should provide important insights into human diseases.
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