Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and foetal developmental toxicity. Part 2: histological changes
Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and foetal developmental toxicity. Part 2: histological changes
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DOI：
10.1191/096032799678840011
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发表时间：
1999-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Jodscheit, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nelson, E;Goubet-Wiemers, C;Jodscheit, K
关于母体被动吸烟对胎儿生长抑制作用的证据越来越多，回顾过去二十年发表的所有文献，并筛选所有可能的变量，如既往吸烟史、母体年龄和体重增加、胎次和妊娠期长短、胎盘重量和饮食，我们发现没有理由怀疑孕期被动吸烟在诱导生长迟缓中的作用。然而，没有文献表明这些出生体重不足是否暗示了组织中其他可能隐藏的异常。为了验证这个问题，我们在老鼠身上做了一个实验我们已经报道过，怀孕期间暴露于香烟侧流烟雾的大鼠所生的幼鼠表现出明显的剂量依赖性生长迟缓。(1)在怀孕的第一、第二或第三周，这些怀孕的大鼠分别被暴露在一个150毫克(3)的玻璃室中，吸入稀释后的1、2、3或4种商业金色过滤器品牌香烟的侧流烟雾。我们每组随机选取一部分幼犬，检查肺、肝、胃、肾、肠组织可能出现的组织学变化与对照组相比，吸烟母亲的新生儿肺组织凋亡、间质改变和支气管肌肉增生的发生率增加。血液生成和胆管细胞增殖的明显异常变化是暴露幼崽肝脏组织中观察到的最大差异。与对照组相比，暴露母亲的新生儿肾小球发育不成熟、胃上皮发育不全和肠绒毛发育不全更为常见这些结果表明，妊娠期被动吸烟会导致新生儿内部组织的异常形态学改变，这些组织学改变是否会导致功能畸形或可能的后期影响，目前我们还不能得出结论，但应该是可以预料的。
1 Evidence has been accumulating on the growth suppressing effects of maternal passive smoking on foetus, Reviewing all literature released during the last two decades and screening for all possible variables such as previous smoking history, maternal age and weight gain, parity and length of gestation, placental weight, and diet, we found no reason to doubt the role of passive smoking during pregnancy in the induction of growth retardation. However, no literature indicates whether these birthweight deficits might hint at other possible hidden abnormalities in tissues. To verify this question, we performed an experiment on rats.2 We have already reported that pups born to rats with previous exposure to cigarette's sidestream smoke during pregnancy showed a significant and dose-dependent growth retardation.(1) Those pregnant rats were exposed each in a 150 dm(3) glass chamber to diluted sidestream smoke of either 1, 2, 3 or 4 commercial blond filter brand cigarettes during either first, second or third week of pregnancy. We have selected a part of each group of pups at random and examined for possible histological changes of lung, liver, stomach, kidney and intestinal tissues.3 Compared to controls, lung tissues of newborns of smoke exposed mothers showed an enhanced incidence of apoptosis, mesenchymal changes, and hyperplasia of bronchial muscles. Pronounced abnormal changes in haematopoiesis and proliferation of bile duct cells were the most variations from norm observed in liver tissues of exposed pups. Immature glomeruli of kidney, epithelhypoplasia of stomach, and hypoplasia of intestinal villi were common among newborns of exposed mothers than among controls.4 These results indicate that passive smoking upon pregnancy causes abnormal morphological changes in internal tissues of newborns, At present, we can draw no conclusion as to whether these histological changes will result in functional malformations or possibly late effects, although they should be expected.